{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1928071791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2452631","title":"On the Ergodic Capacity of MIMO Free-Space Optical Systems Over Turbulence Channels","display_name":"On the Ergodic Capacity of MIMO Free-Space Optical Systems Over Turbulence Channels","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1928071791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2452631","mag":"1928071791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2015.2452631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2452631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.00953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Linglong Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linglong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanjun Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhaocheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaocheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96000328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"9","first_page":"1925","last_page":"1934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6586999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-and-identically-distributed-random-variables","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.6263999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodicity","display_name":"Ergodicity","score":0.5281000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.446399986743927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6586999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.6263999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201779956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5426803","display_name":"Ergodicity","level":2,"score":0.5281000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204003914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760140","display_name":"Heterodyne detection","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781007418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456934","display_name":"Capacity planning","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101796028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535587","display_name":"Moment-generating function","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98951983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604341","display_name":"Stationary distribution","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2015.2452631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2452631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1505.00953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.00953","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.00953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1505.00953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.00953","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.00953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528851930","https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1961845250","https://openalex.org/W1967280221","https://openalex.org/W1973943769","https://openalex.org/W1985952244","https://openalex.org/W1991439762","https://openalex.org/W1993129824","https://openalex.org/W2001844960","https://openalex.org/W2010835353","https://openalex.org/W2028078039","https://openalex.org/W2031028312","https://openalex.org/W2037270302","https://openalex.org/W2037564587","https://openalex.org/W2039183034","https://openalex.org/W2094761549","https://openalex.org/W2097398761","https://openalex.org/W2097548040","https://openalex.org/W2108332638","https://openalex.org/W2110931999","https://openalex.org/W2115525437","https://openalex.org/W2116690606","https://openalex.org/W2116922470","https://openalex.org/W2127589417","https://openalex.org/W2138215211","https://openalex.org/W2139271848","https://openalex.org/W2143544124","https://openalex.org/W2144944123","https://openalex.org/W2145520942","https://openalex.org/W2156830236","https://openalex.org/W2164962185","https://openalex.org/W2166093737","https://openalex.org/W2169941196","https://openalex.org/W2169978884","https://openalex.org/W2171651710","https://openalex.org/W4300825567","https://openalex.org/W6684824688"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free-space":[0],"optical":[1,11,66,97],"(FSO)":[2],"communications":[3],"can":[4,142],"achieve":[5],"high":[6,184],"capacity":[7,48,169],"with":[8],"huge":[9],"unlicensed":[10],"spectrum":[12],"and":[13,38,80,119,162],"low":[14],"operational":[15],"costs.":[16],"The":[17,60],"corresponding":[18],"performance":[19],"analysis":[20],"of":[21,50,62,65,83,86,114,117,130,133,151,153,170,195],"FSO":[22,53,172],"systems":[23,54,173],"over":[24,55],"turbulence":[25],"channels":[26,67],"is":[27,72,91],"very":[28],"limited,":[29],"particularly":[30],"when":[31],"using":[32],"multiple":[33],"apertures":[34],"at":[35],"both":[36],"transmitter":[37],"receiver":[39],"sides.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"aims":[43],"to":[44,93,106],"provide":[45,189],"the":[46,63,81,84,95,109,115,128,131,167,179,193,196,200],"ergodic":[47,168,201],"characterization":[49],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[51],"(MIMO)":[52],"atmospheric":[56,70],"turbulence-induced":[57],"fading":[58],"channels.":[59],"fluctuations":[61],"irradiance":[64],"distorted":[68],"by":[69,75,146],"conditions":[71],"usually":[73],"described":[74],"a":[76,147],"gamma-gamma":[77],"(rr)":[78],"distribution,":[79],"distribution":[82,105],"sum":[85,116,132,150],"rr":[87],"random":[88],"variables":[89],"(RVs)":[90],"required":[92],"model":[94],"MIMO":[96,171],"links.":[98],"We":[99],"use":[100],"an":[101],"\u03b1":[102],"-":[103],"\u03bc":[104],"efficiently":[107,144],"approximate":[108],"probability":[110],"density":[111],"function":[112],"(pdf)":[113],"independent":[118],"identical":[120],"distributed":[121,139],"\u0393\u0393":[122,140,154],"RVs":[123,141],"through":[124],"moment-based":[125],"estimators.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"pdf":[129],"independent,":[134],"but":[135],"not":[136],"necessarily":[137],"identically":[138],"be":[143],"approximated":[145],"finite":[148],"weighted":[149],"pdfs":[152],"distributions.":[155],"Based":[156],"on":[157,199],"these":[158],"reliable":[159],"approximations,":[160],"novel":[161],"precise":[163],"analytical":[164],"expressions":[165,182],"for":[166],"are":[174,207],"derived.":[175],"Additionally,":[176],"we":[177],"deduce":[178],"asymptotic":[180],"simple":[181],"in":[183],"signal-to-noise":[185],"ratio":[186],"regimes,":[187],"which":[188],"useful":[190],"insights":[191],"into":[192],"impact":[194],"system":[197],"parameters":[198],"capacity.":[202],"Finally,":[203],"our":[204],"proposed":[205],"results":[206],"validated":[208],"via":[209],"Monte":[210],"Carlo":[211],"simulations.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}