{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084099189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2014.2328143","title":"Distributed Pricing-Based User Association for Downlink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks","display_name":"Distributed Pricing-Based User Association for Downlink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084099189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2014.2328143","mag":"2084099189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2014.2328143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2014.2328143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022905256","display_name":"Kaiming Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiming Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Edward S. Rogers Sr.Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward S. Rogers Sr.Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004681822","display_name":"Wei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-422X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","Edward S. Rogers Sr.Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward S. Rogers Sr.Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.6914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":246,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99700256,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"1100","last_page":"1113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8553546667098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.7649683952331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6129675507545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6059372425079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5985152125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgradient-method","display_name":"Subgradient method","score":0.5812313556671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5448493957519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5359804034233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5033215880393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.48804107308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.45033177733421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.42703455686569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3578674793243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.30593523383140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.25105586647987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.11779928207397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09677240252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08928367495536804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8553546667098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.7649683952331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6129675507545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6059372425079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5985152125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158968445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631150","display_name":"Subgradient method","level":2,"score":0.5812313556671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5448493957519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5359804034233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5033215880393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.48804107308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.45033177733421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.42703455686569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3578674793243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30593523383140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25105586647987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.11779928207397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09677240252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08928367495536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2014.2328143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2014.2328143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967630104","https://openalex.org/W1970630387","https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W1973690169","https://openalex.org/W1981104527","https://openalex.org/W1995288502","https://openalex.org/W2002245423","https://openalex.org/W2009070933","https://openalex.org/W2009548748","https://openalex.org/W2010630450","https://openalex.org/W2012775442","https://openalex.org/W2028015252","https://openalex.org/W2041515534","https://openalex.org/W2049977699","https://openalex.org/W2059100178","https://openalex.org/W2065092668","https://openalex.org/W2068957801","https://openalex.org/W2100755644","https://openalex.org/W2103715792","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W2109005286","https://openalex.org/W2109493130","https://openalex.org/W2111914480","https://openalex.org/W2116407052","https://openalex.org/W2121233130","https://openalex.org/W2124130287","https://openalex.org/W2129591674","https://openalex.org/W2131350052","https://openalex.org/W2139233321","https://openalex.org/W2148122352","https://openalex.org/W2151444885","https://openalex.org/W2153014083","https://openalex.org/W2159489547","https://openalex.org/W2163762663","https://openalex.org/W2167145293","https://openalex.org/W2171978813","https://openalex.org/W2183973611","https://openalex.org/W4242209908","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6686336681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124240980","https://openalex.org/W2519403816","https://openalex.org/W2138759004","https://openalex.org/W2292005531","https://openalex.org/W2003870685","https://openalex.org/W2606858825","https://openalex.org/W2533637577","https://openalex.org/W4232438839","https://openalex.org/W2955945540","https://openalex.org/W3157321018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,136,166],"considers":[2,137,167],"optimization":[3,157],"of":[4,66,89,105,126],"the":[5,19,26,55,60,64,87,90,106,121,138,155,168,177,180,198,211,223,227],"user":[6,50,140,170],"and":[7,35,40,95,129,142,147,154,172,187,205],"base-station":[8],"(BS)":[9],"association":[10,51,141,171],"in":[11,53],"a":[12,32,42,48,67,71,81,98,215],"wireless":[13],"downlink":[14],"heterogeneous":[15],"cellular":[16],"network":[17,91,229],"under":[18],"proportional":[20],"fairness":[21],"criterion.":[22],"We":[23,192],"first":[24],"consider":[25],"case":[27,178],"where":[28,179],"each":[29],"BS":[30,61,143,173,231,236],"has":[31,97],"single":[33],"antenna":[34],"transmits":[36],"at":[37],"fixed":[38],"power":[39,144,156],"propose":[41],"distributed":[43],"price":[44,75,117],"update":[45,76,118],"strategy":[46],"for":[47,85,116,176,230],"pricing-based":[49],"scheme,":[52],"which":[54],"users":[56],"are":[57,182],"assigned":[58],"to":[59,111],"based":[62,79],"on":[63,80,226],"value":[65],"utility":[68,92],"function":[69],"minus":[70],"price.":[72],"The":[73,102],"proposed":[74,107,122],"algorithm":[77,108,123,158,204,220,225],"is":[78,119,124],"coordinate":[82,152,195],"descent":[83,153,196],"method":[84,115],"solving":[86],"dual":[88,151,194],"maximization":[93],"problem":[94,146,175],"it":[96,208],"rigorous":[99],"performance":[100,213],"guarantee.":[101],"main":[103],"advantage":[104],"as":[109,214],"compared":[110],"an":[112,149],"existing":[113,162],"subgradient":[114],"that":[120,159,207],"independent":[125],"parameter":[127],"choices":[128],"can":[130],"be":[131],"implemented":[132],"asynchronously.":[133],"Further,":[134],"this":[135,165],"joint":[139,169],"control":[145],"proposes":[148],"iterative":[150],"significantly":[160],"outperforms":[161],"approaches.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"beamforming":[174],"BSs":[181],"equipped":[183],"with":[184,197],"multiple":[185,190],"antennas":[186],"spatially":[188],"multiplex":[189],"users.":[191],"incorporate":[193],"weighted":[199],"minimum":[200],"mean-squared":[201],"error":[202],"(WMMSE)":[203],"show":[206],"achieves":[209],"nearly":[210],"same":[212],"computationally":[216],"more":[217],"complex":[218],"benchmark":[219],"(which":[221],"applies":[222],"WMMSE":[224],"entire":[228],"association)":[232],"while":[233],"avoiding":[234],"excessive":[235],"handover.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}