{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071878684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513054","title":"Identifying Leaders and Followers in Online Social Networks","display_name":"Identifying Leaders and Followers in Online Social Networks","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071878684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513054","mag":"2071878684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771200","display_name":"Muhammad Shafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-9373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Z. Shafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025328314","display_name":"Muhammad Ilyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-4361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. U. Ilyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062061862","display_name":"Andi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0989-2897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015107642","display_name":"Hayder Radha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Radha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100771200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89430743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"9","first_page":"618","last_page":"628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8194422721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friendship","display_name":"Friendship","score":0.6823462247848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5487133860588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5176289677619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5153876543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.4484274387359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4177095890045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3638131022453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3222934901714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23128288984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22616365551948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.21838566660881042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8194422721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778736484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491","display_name":"Friendship","level":2,"score":0.6823462247848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5487133860588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5176289677619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5153876543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.4484274387359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4177095890045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3638131022453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3222934901714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23128288984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22616365551948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.21838566660881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.640.9788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.640.9788","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.msu.edu/~alexliu/publications/LeaderFollower/LeaderFollower_ton.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f16be409-55a0-4b63-aa30-e7d8ec985db1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/f16be409-55a0-4b63-aa30-e7d8ec985db1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Shafiq, M Z, Ilyas, M U, Liu, A X & Radha, H 2013, 'Identifying Leaders and Followers in Online Social Networks', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 31, no. 9, 6544543, pp. 618-628. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2013.SUP.0513054","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521843029","https://openalex.org/W1570131048","https://openalex.org/W1925625403","https://openalex.org/W1977326384","https://openalex.org/W1986007546","https://openalex.org/W2002470750","https://openalex.org/W2027514326","https://openalex.org/W2029778779","https://openalex.org/W2047443612","https://openalex.org/W2071814109","https://openalex.org/W2071949631","https://openalex.org/W2089387578","https://openalex.org/W2094753844","https://openalex.org/W2099556653","https://openalex.org/W2119243545","https://openalex.org/W2120951278","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2130602313","https://openalex.org/W2131611628","https://openalex.org/W2472315014","https://openalex.org/W3123927382","https://openalex.org/W3124459288","https://openalex.org/W4214880424","https://openalex.org/W6677920137","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6720620291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W561612769","https://openalex.org/W1964514847","https://openalex.org/W3045500699","https://openalex.org/W3151629863","https://openalex.org/W4210492960","https://openalex.org/W2352101273","https://openalex.org/W4390242823","https://openalex.org/W2504114496","https://openalex.org/W4241440115","https://openalex.org/W4223555864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"leaders":[1,36,121],"and":[2,24,37,67,78,122,206],"followers":[3,38],"in":[4,13,39,117,202,211],"online":[5,40,95],"social":[6,41,96],"networks":[7,42],"is":[8,128],"important":[9,179],"for":[10,172,186],"various":[11],"applications":[12],"many":[14],"domains":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,62,120],"advertisement,":[18],"community":[19],"health":[20],"campaigns,":[21],"administrative":[22],"science,":[23],"even":[25],"politics.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,84,137,165,176],"study":[31],"the":[32,53,125,131,159,183,203,214,219,223],"problem":[33],"of":[34,113,134,150,161,182,222],"identifying":[35],"using":[43],"user":[44,64,188,196],"interaction":[45,65],"information.":[46],"We":[47],"propose":[48],"a":[49,89,143],"new":[50],"model,":[51,59,83],"called":[52,98],"Longitudinal":[54],"User":[55],"Centered":[56],"Influence":[57],"(LUCI)":[58],"that":[60,104,194],"takes":[61],"input":[63],"information":[66],"clusters":[68],"users":[69,119,157],"into":[70],"four":[71,224],"categories:":[72],"introvert":[73],"leaders,":[74,76],"extrovert":[75],"followers,":[77,123],"neutrals.":[79],"To":[80],"validate":[81],"our":[82,105,139],"first":[85],"apply":[86,138],"it":[87],"to":[88,115],"data":[90,144,171],"set":[91,145],"collected":[92,146],"from":[93,147],"an":[94,109],"network":[97],"Everything2.":[99],"Our":[100,190],"experimental":[101,191],"results":[102,192],"show":[103,193],"LUCI":[106,140],"model":[107,141],"achieves":[108],"average":[110],"classification":[111],"accuracy":[112],"up":[114],"90.3%":[116],"classifying":[118],"where":[124],"ground":[126,169],"truth":[127,170],"based":[129,217],"on":[130,142,218],"labeled":[132],"roles":[133],"users.":[135,174],"Second,":[136],"Facebook":[148,173],"consisting":[149],"interactions":[151],"among":[152],"more":[153],"than":[154],"3":[155],"million":[156],"over":[158],"duration":[160],"one":[162],"year.":[163],"However,":[164],"do":[166],"not":[167],"have":[168],"Therefore,":[175],"analyze":[177],"several":[178],"topological":[180,200],"properties":[181],"friendship":[184,204],"graph":[185,205],"different":[187,195,199],"categories.":[189],"categories":[197],"exhibit":[198],"characteristics":[201,209],"these":[207],"observed":[208],"are":[210],"accordance":[212],"with":[213],"expected":[215],"ones":[216],"general":[220],"definition":[221],"roles.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
