{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156514849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1986.1146488","title":"High-Reliability Semiconductor Lasers for Optical Communications","display_name":"High-Reliability Semiconductor Lasers for Optical Communications","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156514849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1986.1146488","mag":"2156514849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.1986.1146488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1986.1146488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113540661","display_name":"M. Hirao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hirao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023058708","display_name":"K. Mizuishi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Mizuishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112211176","display_name":"M. Nakamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86434583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"9","first_page":"1494","last_page":"1501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.7399531006813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-laser-theory","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","score":0.6746057271957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroluminescence","display_name":"Electroluminescence","score":0.6649572849273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6154003143310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5656411051750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterojunction","display_name":"Heterojunction","score":0.4944770336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4782525599002838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facet","display_name":"Facet (psychology)","score":0.4440060257911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-device","display_name":"Semiconductor device","score":0.42755988240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor","display_name":"Semiconductor","score":0.38202008605003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3250701427459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3244512677192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.30556678771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2915259599685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.09675958752632141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7399531006813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.6746057271957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31625292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215803","display_name":"Electroluminescence","level":3,"score":0.6649572849273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6154003143310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5656411051750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.4944770336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4782525599002838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43122875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428522","display_name":"Facet (psychology)","level":4,"score":0.4440060257911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79635011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175805","display_name":"Semiconductor device","level":3,"score":0.42755988240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.38202008605003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3250701427459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3244512677192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.30556678771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2915259599685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09675958752632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.1986.1146488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1986.1146488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558440398","https://openalex.org/W1749736115","https://openalex.org/W1975075662","https://openalex.org/W1983151317","https://openalex.org/W1995131065","https://openalex.org/W1995576991","https://openalex.org/W2001442810","https://openalex.org/W2038367871","https://openalex.org/W2056599401","https://openalex.org/W2066239602","https://openalex.org/W2066717178","https://openalex.org/W2076167238","https://openalex.org/W2082267342","https://openalex.org/W2083419862","https://openalex.org/W2100147481","https://openalex.org/W2103836790","https://openalex.org/W2113392808","https://openalex.org/W2123784197","https://openalex.org/W2157872931","https://openalex.org/W2461868843","https://openalex.org/W6659123124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150038201","https://openalex.org/W1976110942","https://openalex.org/W940975362","https://openalex.org/W2038762453","https://openalex.org/W2382302308","https://openalex.org/W4248751768","https://openalex.org/W2137930185","https://openalex.org/W2046594843","https://openalex.org/W2360031205","https://openalex.org/W1506944540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"InGaAsP/InP":[0],"buried":[1,77],"heterostructure":[2],"(BH)":[3],"lasers":[4,96,119],"emitting":[5,97],"at":[6,21,24,88,98,107],"1.3":[7],"\u03bcm":[8,100],"have":[9],"continued":[10],"to":[11,104],"operate":[12],"stably":[13],"for":[14,49,124],"more":[15,125],"than3.3":[16],"\\times":[17],"10^{4}h":[18],"(3.8":[19],"years)":[20],"50-60\u00b0C":[22],"and":[23,79,91],"an":[25],"output":[26,113],"power":[27],"of":[28,44,55,63,129],"5":[29],"mW/facet.":[30],"A":[31,39],"statistically":[32],"estimated":[33],"median":[34],"lifetime":[35],"exceeds":[36],"106at":[37],"50\u00b0C.":[38],"relatively":[40],"low":[41],"activation":[42],"energy":[43],"0.32":[45],"eV":[46],"is":[47,59,68],"obtained":[48],"slow":[50],"degradation.":[51],"The":[52],"saturable":[53],"behavior":[54],"the":[56,64,71,76],"aging":[57,87,106,122],"characteristics":[58],"observed":[60],"in":[61],"many":[62],"lasers.":[65],"This":[66],"mode":[67,86],"explained":[69],"by":[70,83],"increased":[72],"leakage":[73],"current":[74],"through":[75],"regions,":[78],"can":[80],"be":[81],"eliminated":[82],"electroluminescence":[84],"(EL)":[85],"high":[89],"temperature":[90],"current.":[92],"Distributed":[93],"feedback":[94],"(DFB)":[95],"1.55":[99],"are":[101],"also":[102],"subjected":[103],"accelerated":[105],"60\u00b0C":[108],"with":[109],"a":[110],"3":[111],"mW/facet":[112],"after":[114],"EL-mode":[115],"aging.":[116],"These":[117],"DFB":[118],"demonstrate":[120],"stable":[121],"characteristics,":[123],"than":[126],"2000":[127],"h":[128],"operating":[130],"time":[131],"being":[132],"currently":[133],"achieved.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
