{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112544308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1984.1146101","title":"Efficient Modulation for Band-Limited Channels","display_name":"Efficient Modulation for Band-Limited Channels","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112544308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1984.1146101","mag":"2112544308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.1984.1146101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1984.1146101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023619541","display_name":"G. David Forney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-5974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333370159","display_name":"Motorola (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hafxd32","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Forney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motorola Information Systems Group, Mansfield, MA, USA","Motorola Inc., Mansfield, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola Information Systems Group, Mansfield, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola Inc., Mansfield, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018631955","display_name":"Robert G. Gallager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-2917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Gallager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061286014","display_name":"G.R. Lang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333370159","display_name":"Motorola (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hafxd32","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141720","display_name":"Motorola (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/047zhzq42","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159","https://openalex.org/I4210141720"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada","[Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141720"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038027146","display_name":"F.M. Longstaff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141720","display_name":"Motorola (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/047zhzq42","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159","https://openalex.org/I4210141720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333370159","display_name":"Motorola (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hafxd32","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Longstaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada","[Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141720"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Motorola Information Systems Limited, Rexdale, ONT, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081215670","display_name":"Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175381709","display_name":"Codexis (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f76ab84","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175381709"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Codex Corporation, Canton, MA, USA","Codex Corp., Canton, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Codex Corporation, Canton, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175381709"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Codex Corp., Canton, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175381709"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023619541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4048,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":728,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98935299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"5","first_page":"632","last_page":"647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8167537450790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.7031769752502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trellis-modulation","display_name":"Trellis modulation","score":0.6753569841384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandlimiting","display_name":"Bandlimiting","score":0.5546412467956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emphasis","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","score":0.5394367575645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5188218951225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.49712613224983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4822429120540619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.4252418279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.4199817478656769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3384861350059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.17614078521728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.1604015827178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.10997751355171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07709464430809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07402470707893372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8167537450790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.7031769752502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197712280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557200","display_name":"Trellis modulation","level":4,"score":0.6753569841384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129997835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806263","display_name":"Bandlimiting","level":3,"score":0.5546412467956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177454536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578290","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5394367575645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5188218951225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.49712613224983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4822429120540619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4252418279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.4199817478656769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3384861350059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.17614078521728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.1604015827178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.10997751355171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07709464430809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07402470707893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.1984.1146101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1984.1146101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577906631","https://openalex.org/W1591974529","https://openalex.org/W1665821743","https://openalex.org/W1998972406","https://openalex.org/W2029495080","https://openalex.org/W2036845965","https://openalex.org/W2071238091","https://openalex.org/W2086362140","https://openalex.org/W2101335417","https://openalex.org/W2104361238","https://openalex.org/W2109030639","https://openalex.org/W2112063104","https://openalex.org/W2112521605","https://openalex.org/W2119299120","https://openalex.org/W2119352491","https://openalex.org/W2120788459","https://openalex.org/W2123170467","https://openalex.org/W2123706869","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2165205968","https://openalex.org/W2316593342","https://openalex.org/W2318363093","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W3026171406","https://openalex.org/W3095327114","https://openalex.org/W6777921628","https://openalex.org/W6784269358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161748923","https://openalex.org/W2547808931","https://openalex.org/W2021512620","https://openalex.org/W2390768079","https://openalex.org/W2366468345","https://openalex.org/W2128548370","https://openalex.org/W2383366026","https://openalex.org/W2141579362","https://openalex.org/W2365722563","https://openalex.org/W1538129087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"attempts":[2],"to":[3,41],"present":[4],"a":[5,24,33,86],"comprehensive":[6],"tutorial":[7],"survey":[8],"of":[9,12,26,35,50,68],"the":[10],"development":[11],"efficient":[13],"modulation":[14,60,82],"techniques":[15,92],"for":[16,72,75],"bandlimited":[17],"channels,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"telephone":[21],"channels.":[22],"After":[23],"history":[25],"advances":[27],"in":[28,62,85],"commercial":[29],"high-speed":[30],"modems":[31],"and":[32,46,74,80],"discussion":[34],"theoretical":[36],"limits,":[37],"it":[38],"reviews":[39],"efforts":[40],"optimize":[42],"two-dimensional":[43],"signal":[44],"constellations":[45],"presents":[47],"further":[48],"elaborations":[49],"uncoded":[51],"modulation.":[52],"Its":[53],"principal":[54],"emphasis,":[55],"however,":[56],"is":[57,65],"on":[58],"coded":[59],"techniques,":[61],"which":[63],"there":[64],"an":[66],"explosion":[67],"current":[69],"interest,":[70],"both":[71],"research":[73],"practical":[76],"application.":[77],"Both":[78],"block-coded":[79],"trellis-coded":[81],"are":[83,93],"covered,":[84],"common":[87],"framework.":[88],"A":[89],"few":[90],"new":[91],"presented.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}