{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100389516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jra.1985.1086997","title":"Automatic visual solder joint inspection","display_name":"Automatic visual solder joint inspection","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100389516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jra.1985.1086997","mag":"2100389516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jra.1985.1086997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jra.1985.1086997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105799543","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation","issn_l":"0882-4967","issn":["0882-4967","2374-8710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056369189","display_name":"Paul J. Besl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Besl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089688702","display_name":"Edward J. Delp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2909-7323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Delp","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010478919","display_name":"Ramesh Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-4966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056369189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.7748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99327019,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soldering","display_name":"Soldering","score":0.779593825340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7490235567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-inspection","display_name":"Visual inspection","score":0.6561738848686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4387429356575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4009784162044525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40047961473464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.36274850368499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.3465840816497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.29669466614723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.2326219081878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23145505785942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.19676634669303894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50296614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211387","display_name":"Soldering","level":2,"score":0.779593825340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7490235567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168820333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448889","display_name":"Visual inspection","level":2,"score":0.6561738848686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4387429356575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4009784162044525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40047961473464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.36274850368499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3465840816497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29669466614723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.2326219081878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23145505785942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.19676634669303894}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jra.1985.1086997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jra.1985.1086997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105799543","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation","issn_l":"0882-4967","issn":["0882-4967","2374-8710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495317514","https://openalex.org/W1543722873","https://openalex.org/W1965696824","https://openalex.org/W1965840180","https://openalex.org/W1979348319","https://openalex.org/W2008484648","https://openalex.org/W2020488189","https://openalex.org/W2041756013","https://openalex.org/W2052272882","https://openalex.org/W2113511941","https://openalex.org/W2137199074","https://openalex.org/W2997169974","https://openalex.org/W3016210511","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4404962105","https://openalex.org/W6771707327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144724818","https://openalex.org/W2115397382","https://openalex.org/W2394038673","https://openalex.org/W1843491671","https://openalex.org/W2117073639","https://openalex.org/W916081058","https://openalex.org/W2100389516","https://openalex.org/W2101822978","https://openalex.org/W2056194945","https://openalex.org/W2512208860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"approach":[1],"is":[2,25,43,76],"described":[3,127],"for":[4,40,66,107],"the":[5,35,46,52,60,89,123,126],"automatic":[6],"inspection":[7],"of":[8,34,48,72,91,112,117,125],"solder":[9,20,92],"joints":[10,21,93],"on":[11,59,70],"printed":[12],"circuit":[13],"boards.":[14],"Common":[15],"defects":[16],"are":[17,68,86,102],"identified":[18],"in":[19,88,119],"and":[22,83],"a":[23,95,113],"joint":[24],"classified":[26],"as":[27],"being":[28],"good":[29],"or":[30,115],"belonging":[31],"to":[32,54,104],"one":[33],"defective":[36,49],"classes.":[37],"The":[38,63],"motivation":[39],"this":[41],"classification":[42,67,90,97],"not":[44],"just":[45],"detection":[47],"joints,":[50],"but":[51],"desire":[53],"automatically":[55],"take":[56],"corrective":[57],"action":[58],"assembly":[61],"line.":[62],"features":[64,79,118],"used":[65],"based":[69],"characteristics":[71],"intensity":[73],"surfaces.":[74],"It":[75],"shown":[77,103],"that":[78],"derived":[80],"from":[81],"facets":[82],"Gaussian":[84],"curvature":[85],"effective":[87],"using":[94],"minimum-distance":[96],"algorithm.":[98],"Class":[99],"separation":[100],"plots":[101],"be":[105],"useful":[106],"quickly":[108],"studying":[109],"individual":[110],"effectiveness":[111],"feature":[114],"pair":[116],"classification.":[120],"Results":[121],"show":[122],"efficacy":[124],"approach.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
