{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322704146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2023.3240127","title":"A Review of Integrated Systems and Components for 6G Wireless Communication in the <i>D</i>-Band","display_name":"A Review of Integrated Systems and Components for 6G Wireless Communication in the <i>D</i>-Band","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322704146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2023.3240127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2023.3240127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2023.3240127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079599454","display_name":"Tim Maiwald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-8490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147005","display_name":"FMP Technology (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/052z6qn75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147005"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Maiwald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eesy-ic GmbH, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-8490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eesy-ic GmbH, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416714","display_name":"Teng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-8235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-8235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091396351","display_name":"George-Roberto Hotopan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-9423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George-Roberto Hotopan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-9423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032837289","display_name":"Katharina Kolb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147005","display_name":"FMP Technology (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/052z6qn75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147005"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Kolb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eesy-ic GmbH, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-7575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eesy-ic GmbH, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061324187","display_name":"Karina Disch","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karina Disch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roche Diabetes Care GmbH, Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roche Diabetes Care GmbH, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020745329","display_name":"Julian Potschka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-6171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Potschka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-6171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073057254","display_name":"Alexander Haag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7794-2561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Haag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics (IHE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics (IHE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110455619","display_name":"Marco Dietz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128143","display_name":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02hm5m482","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128143","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Dietz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies (EMFT), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies (EMFT), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109040865","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Debaillie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Debaillie","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049276067","display_name":"Thomas Zwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-0766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics (IHE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-0766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics (IHE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060917100","display_name":"Klaus Aufinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-7987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Aufinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies AG, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-7987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies AG, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033311228","display_name":"Dieter Ferling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Ferling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070760948","display_name":"Robert Weigel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Weigel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-1800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit&#x00E4;t Erlangen-N&#x00FC;rnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048571765","display_name":"Akshay Visweswaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-919X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Visweswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-919X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079599454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.1947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":127,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99552062,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"3","first_page":"220","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5466452836990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4780338704586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46290501952171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44270896911621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35642457008361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3175004720687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26487448811531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24329409003257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1306246519088745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5466452836990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4780338704586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46290501952171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44270896911621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35642457008361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3175004720687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26487448811531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24329409003257751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1306246519088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2023.3240127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2023.3240127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/451148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/451148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":335,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525424336","https://openalex.org/W1546176251","https://openalex.org/W1546539370","https://openalex.org/W1577575442","https://openalex.org/W1602297169","https://openalex.org/W1644191375","https://openalex.org/W1825697634","https://openalex.org/W1935902256","https://openalex.org/W1965818771","https://openalex.org/W1966314515","https://openalex.org/W1968094118","https://openalex.org/W1968796740","https://openalex.org/W1972365898","https://openalex.org/W1975276044","https://openalex.org/W1975959206","https://openalex.org/W1978067710","https://openalex.org/W1984097053","https://openalex.org/W1984490442","https://openalex.org/W1988551371","https://openalex.org/W1989811825","https://openalex.org/W1990104550","https://openalex.org/W1990319685","https://openalex.org/W1994297984","https://openalex.org/W1997517403","https://openalex.org/W1997541969","https://openalex.org/W1998340256","https://openalex.org/W1999937163","https://openalex.org/W2000888183","https://openalex.org/W2009686985","https://openalex.org/W2010594861","https://openalex.org/W2017013043","https://openalex.org/W2017358755","https://openalex.org/W2019248063","https://openalex.org/W2021192995","https://openalex.org/W2022967092","https://openalex.org/W2023418210","https://openalex.org/W2025402729","https://openalex.org/W2025963163","https://openalex.org/W2026869690","https://openalex.org/W2026987908","https://openalex.org/W2028643002","https://openalex.org/W2034914744","https://openalex.org/W2036669674","https://openalex.org/W2037965595","https://openalex.org/W2041990416","https://openalex.org/W2043250436","https://openalex.org/W2043924150","https://openalex.org/W2044963064","https://openalex.org/W2046430535","https://openalex.org/W2046836658","https://openalex.org/W2047550896","https://openalex.org/W2049392031","https://openalex.org/W2053552037","https://openalex.org/W2054990207","https://openalex.org/W2055973365","https://openalex.org/W2055978681","https://openalex.org/W2064168590","https://openalex.org/W2066515390","https://openalex.org/W2067693763","https://openalex.org/W2067999683","https://openalex.org/W2068450074","https://openalex.org/W2070440677","https://openalex.org/W2072218673","https://openalex.org/W2077701112","https://openalex.org/W2079466380","https://openalex.org/W2084675161","https://openalex.org/W2086826257","https://openalex.org/W2090091273","https://openalex.org/W2091316804","https://openalex.org/W2093634133","https://openalex.org/W2099064239","https://openalex.org/W2103105518","https://openalex.org/W2106833671","https://openalex.org/W2108355531","https://openalex.org/W2108812909","https://openalex.org/W2109107595","https://openalex.org/W2110144707","https://openalex.org/W2110244284","https://openalex.org/W2111285828","https://openalex.org/W2111829908","https://openalex.org/W2112463347","https://openalex.org/W2112951164","https://openalex.org/W2114583782","https://openalex.org/W2118415475","https://openalex.org/W2135143797","https://openalex.org/W2137770335","https://openalex.org/W2139029019","https://openalex.org/W2139999402","https://openalex.org/W2140069059","https://openalex.org/W2147430875","https://openalex.org/W2147766046","https://openalex.org/W2150095727","https://openalex.org/W2150935719","https://openalex.org/W2157404562","https://openalex.org/W2157754281","https://openalex.org/W2163897998","https://openalex.org/W2164944976","https://openalex.org/W2170431168","https://openalex.org/W2170645282","https://openalex.org/W2172484577","https://openalex.org/W2188438365","https://openalex.org/W2197608305","https://openalex.org/W2208138375","https://openalex.org/W2242278517","https://openalex.org/W2263339996","https://openalex.org/W2282852807","https://openalex.org/W2289807139","https://openalex.org/W2290690230","https://openalex.org/W2291984582","https://openalex.org/W2317351938","https://openalex.org/W2318905378","https://openalex.org/W2331698250","https://openalex.org/W2333622531","https://openalex.org/W2333839130","https://openalex.org/W2334897881","https://openalex.org/W2341381194","https://openalex.org/W2345891890","https://openalex.org/W2409221043","https://openalex.org/W2420278120","https://openalex.org/W2480693476","https://openalex.org/W2512791684","https://openalex.org/W2515186031","https://openalex.org/W2516209695","https://openalex.org/W2520264874","https://openalex.org/W2531988705","https://openalex.org/W2556648743","https://openalex.org/W2559654190","https://openalex.org/W2560125705","https://openalex.org/W2560356126","https://openalex.org/W2569686082","https://openalex.org/W2581727296","https://openalex.org/W2583356736","https://openalex.org/W2583697675","https://openalex.org/W2583898479","https://openalex.org/W2583960850","https://openalex.org/W2584579950","https://openalex.org/W2586839519","https://openalex.org/W2592270948","https://openalex.org/W2592683973","https://openalex.org/W2592895696","https://openalex.org/W2595011864","https://openalex.org/W2599270242","https://openalex.org/W2600222344","https://openalex.org/W2602994718","https://openalex.org/W2604937945","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2607079039","https://openalex.org/W2610194370","https://openalex.org/W2615915183","https://openalex.org/W2620691910","https://openalex.org/W2620898432","https://openalex.org/W2623781450","https://openalex.org/W2684592012","https://openalex.org/W2734524380","https://openalex.org/W2735579382","https://openalex.org/W2739952416","https://openalex.org/W2742862254","https://openalex.org/W2744312319","https://openalex.org/W2744381322","https://openalex.org/W2744450158","https://openalex.org/W2752756753","https://openalex.org/W2759463557","https://openalex.org/W2760123827","https://openalex.org/W2762724593","https://openalex.org/W2762923009","https://openalex.org/W2763099614","https://openalex.org/W2764237378","https://openalex.org/W2766152480","https://openalex.org/W2769575436","https://openalex.org/W2772305123","https://openalex.org/W2779665541","https://openalex.org/W2781447559","https://openalex.org/W2782027124","https://openalex.org/W2786327383","https://openalex.org/W2789418862","https://openalex.org/W2790240868","https://openalex.org/W2791221132","https://openalex.org/W2791316107","https://openalex.org/W2793607050","https://openalex.org/W2793633707","https://openalex.org/W2793809753","https://openalex.org/W2794992794","https://openalex.org/W2800063766","https://openalex.org/W2800241377","https://openalex.org/W2804554444","https://openalex.org/W2807122255","https://openalex.org/W2808325460","https://openalex.org/W2885296395","https://openalex.org/W2886370469","https://openalex.org/W2886438597","https://openalex.org/W2886932967","https://openalex.org/W2887132556","https://openalex.org/W2887540436","https://openalex.org/W2887541632","https://openalex.org/W2891636061","https://openalex.org/W2901114884","https://openalex.org/W2902390484","https://openalex.org/W2902799894","https://openalex.org/W2903049867","https://openalex.org/W2905190037","https://openalex.org/W2905610443","https://openalex.org/W2908061309","https://openalex.org/W2913068212","https://openalex.org/W2914329358","https://openalex.org/W2914770420","https://openalex.org/W2914839020","https://openalex.org/W2914992727","https://openalex.org/W2922196175","https://openalex.org/W2924115410","https://openalex.org/W2929872551","https://openalex.org/W2938395899","https://openalex.org/W2941197399","https://openalex.org/W2941241805","https://openalex.org/W2942778880","https://openalex.org/W2944353863","https://openalex.org/W2945196221","https://openalex.org/W2954762543","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2959445744","https://openalex.org/W2964876025","https://openalex.org/W2966215795","https://openalex.org/W2971813997","https://openalex.org/W2972126130","https://openalex.org/W2972774623","https://openalex.org/W2975463139","https://openalex.org/W2979143934","https://openalex.org/W2980398403","https://openalex.org/W2980769293","https://openalex.org/W2981919357","https://openalex.org/W2982097831","https://openalex.org/W2987403407","https://openalex.org/W2988256562","https://openalex.org/W2991540687","https://openalex.org/W2991585616","https://openalex.org/W2993140397","https://openalex.org/W3000189212","https://openalex.org/W3000443118","https://openalex.org/W3003619183","https://openalex.org/W3003643836","https://openalex.org/W3003758217","https://openalex.org/W3004112611","https://openalex.org/W3004408435","https://openalex.org/W3008967510","https://openalex.org/W3011032439","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3011918814","https://openalex.org/W3013434611","https://openalex.org/W3013506633","https://openalex.org/W3015299017","https://openalex.org/W3015425606","https://openalex.org/W3016043301","https://openalex.org/W3019733424","https://openalex.org/W3020154269","https://openalex.org/W3021961081","https://openalex.org/W3022906527","https://openalex.org/W3025382955","https://openalex.org/W3033770292","https://openalex.org/W3043281468","https://openalex.org/W3044739111","https://openalex.org/W3048161398","https://openalex.org/W3084097901","https://openalex.org/W3085145985","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3091778880","https://openalex.org/W3091969552","https://openalex.org/W3091976481","https://openalex.org/W3091981430","https://openalex.org/W3092161863","https://openalex.org/W3092247397","https://openalex.org/W3092247494","https://openalex.org/W3092277219","https://openalex.org/W3092397139","https://openalex.org/W3092398938","https://openalex.org/W3093772522","https://openalex.org/W3093805045","https://openalex.org/W3093809857","https://openalex.org/W3094060203","https://openalex.org/W3094122330","https://openalex.org/W3094164316","https://openalex.org/W3094248808","https://openalex.org/W3096138150","https://openalex.org/W3096433834","https://openalex.org/W3105446733","https://openalex.org/W3108303524","https://openalex.org/W3115949544","https://openalex.org/W3118559094","https://openalex.org/W3119897825","https://openalex.org/W3120105741","https://openalex.org/W3120636407","https://openalex.org/W3122514047","https://openalex.org/W3125284724","https://openalex.org/W3127101268","https://openalex.org/W3134180290","https://openalex.org/W3135656575","https://openalex.org/W3136879504","https://openalex.org/W3146438916","https://openalex.org/W3152343954","https://openalex.org/W3156322358","https://openalex.org/W3176180437","https://openalex.org/W3182545131","https://openalex.org/W3185526557","https://openalex.org/W3186631986","https://openalex.org/W3192781613","https://openalex.org/W3193580704","https://openalex.org/W3216604426","https://openalex.org/W4205279868","https://openalex.org/W4210650863","https://openalex.org/W4214837354","https://openalex.org/W4220787334","https://openalex.org/W4226072776","https://openalex.org/W4226521936","https://openalex.org/W4236154283","https://openalex.org/W4238521350","https://openalex.org/W4248288458","https://openalex.org/W4253048460","https://openalex.org/W4282826561","https://openalex.org/W4308089772","https://openalex.org/W6629011755","https://openalex.org/W6630194054","https://openalex.org/W6630301299","https://openalex.org/W6634626734","https://openalex.org/W6635644207","https://openalex.org/W6636734214","https://openalex.org/W6636862740","https://openalex.org/W6636959057","https://openalex.org/W6638196047","https://openalex.org/W6643197188","https://openalex.org/W6704342295","https://openalex.org/W6725874996","https://openalex.org/W6756285550","https://openalex.org/W6760151719","https://openalex.org/W6776813331","https://openalex.org/W6790580169","https://openalex.org/W6794132279","https://openalex.org/W6903758967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W2371781948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44,285,306,395],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,30,38,94,100,134,153,162,178,199,255,266,272,291,302,374,403,440,466],"wireless":[3,28,115,468],"communication":[4,246],"points":[5],"to":[6,76,459,462],"increasing":[7],"demands":[8],"on":[9,196,234],"throughput":[10],"for":[11,27,112,172,269,295,330,392,425],"data-intensive":[12],"applications":[13],"in":[14,117,137,167,229,237,310,316,348,356,377,384],"modern":[15],"society.":[16],"Integrated":[17],"millimeter-wave":[18],"systems":[19,82,116],"with":[20,83,451,453],"electrical":[21],"beam-steering":[22,297],"capabilities":[23],"are":[24,34,366,457],"promising":[25],"candidates":[26],"technologies":[29,171,329],"the":[31,36,74,98,107,118,149,158,212,264,270,303,319,372,378,399,438,441,448,464],"future":[32],"and":[33,41,64,105,109,146,151,160,169,175,224,226,278,299,336,351,354,362,369,386,389,401,417,428,456],"currently":[35,181],"subject":[37],"widespread":[39],"academic":[40],"commercial":[42],"research.":[43],"<inline-formula":[45,119,184,239,405],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[46,120,185,240,406],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[47,121,186,241,407],"<tex-math":[48,122,187,242,408],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$D$":[49,123,188,243,409],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[50,124,189,244,410],"-band,":[51],"ranging":[52],"from":[53],"110\u2013170":[54],"GHz,":[55],"offers":[56],"high":[57],"aggregate":[58],"bandwidths":[59],"(BWs),":[60],"low":[61],"atmospheric":[62],"absorption,":[63],"multi-GHz":[65],"operation":[66],"at":[67,183],"amenable":[68],"fractional":[69],"BWs.":[70],"It,":[71],"therefore,":[72],"has":[73],"potential":[75,152],"foster":[77],"efficient,":[78],"highly":[79],"integrated":[80,154],"wireless-communication":[81],"data":[84,276],"rates":[85,236],"approaching":[86],"100":[87],"Gb/s.":[88],"This":[89,248],"article":[90,130,286,396],"reviews":[91],"all":[92],"aspects":[93],"hardware":[95],"integration":[96],"against":[97],"backdrop":[99],"an":[101,176,289,300],"extensive":[102],"literature":[103,449],"review":[104],"outlines":[106],"challenges":[108,365],"possible":[110,143,292],"solutions":[111,391],"practical":[113],"6G":[114],"-band.":[125],"To":[126],"this":[127,129],"end,":[128],"covers":[131],"a":[132,252,324],"number":[133],"related":[135],"topics":[136],"depth,":[138],"which":[139,209,433],"includes":[140],"system":[141],"definition,":[142],"radio":[144],"architectures":[145,294],"array":[147],"configurations,":[148],"scope":[150],"circuit":[155,164,413],"(IC)":[156],"technologies,":[157,350,358,381,388],"design":[159,373,400],"characterization":[161,402],"key":[163],"blocks,":[165,414],"advances":[166,383],"antenna":[168,385],"packaging":[170,387],"high-frequency":[173,331,375],"systems,":[174],"overview":[177,290],"measurement":[179],"techniques":[180],"employed":[182],"-band":[190,245,411],"frequencies.":[191],"A":[192],"system-level":[193],"study":[194],"based":[195],"radio-link":[197,460],"simulations":[198,461],"different":[200,256,273,327],"single-carrier":[201],"quadrature":[202,230],"amplitude":[203,225],"modulation":[204],"(QAM)":[205],"schemes":[206],"is":[207,249,313],"presented,":[208],"quantifies":[210],"that":[211,259],"impact":[213],"physical":[214],"nonidealities,":[215],"such":[216,359],"as":[217,360],"signal-to-noise":[218],"ratio,":[219],"phase":[220,227,421],"noise,":[221],"intermodulation":[222],"distortion,":[223],"imbalances":[228],"signal":[231],"paths,":[232],"have":[233,435],"bit-error":[235],"broadband":[238],"systems.":[247],"followed":[250],"by":[251],"comparative":[253],"assessment":[254],"arrayed-system":[257],"configurations":[258],"include":[260,334,371],"traditional":[261],"phased":[262],"arrays,":[263],"use":[265],"polarization":[267],"diversity":[268],"transmission":[271],"or":[274],"identical":[275],"streams,":[277],"multiple":[279,281],"input":[280],"output":[282],"(MIMO)":[283],"operation.":[284],"also":[287,314,397],"presents":[288],"transceiver":[293,412],"implementing":[296],"arrays":[298,312],"outline":[301],"associated":[304],"tradeoffs.":[305],"beam-squinting":[307],"effect":[308],"seen":[309],"large":[311],"investigated":[315],"detail.":[317],"On":[318],"implementation":[320],"front,":[321],"we":[322,434],"present":[323],"comparison":[325],"between":[326],"integrated-circuit":[328],"applications.":[332],"These":[333,445],"CMOS":[335],"SiGe":[337],"bipolar":[338,345],"complementary":[339],"metal":[340],"oxide":[341],"semiconductor":[342],"(BiCMOS)":[343],"heterojunction":[344],"transistors":[346],"(HBTs)":[347],"silicon":[349],"MOSFETs,":[352],"HBTs,":[353],"HEMTs":[355],"III\u2013V":[357],"InP":[361],"GaAs.":[363],"Implementation":[364],"then":[367],"addressed,":[368],"these":[370],"circuits":[376],"latest":[379],"IC":[380],"current":[382],"emerging":[390],"hybrid":[393,431],"integration.":[394],"details":[398],"critical":[404],"namely,":[415],"power":[416],"low-noise":[418],"amplifiers,":[419],"mixers,":[420],"shifters,":[422],"passive":[423],"components":[424],"quadrature-phase":[426],"generation,":[427],"radiators":[429],"exploring":[430],"antennas,":[432],"developed":[436],"over":[437],"course":[439],"past":[442],"five":[443],"years.":[444],"results":[446],"compliment":[447],"survey":[450],"comparisons":[452],"state-of-the-art":[454],"designs":[455],"applied":[458],"predict":[463],"performance":[465],"practicable":[467],"links.":[469]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-27T08:22:11.395708","created_date":"2023-03-02T00:00:00"}
