{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308917574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576","title":"Optical Switching in Future Fiber-Optic Networks Utilizing Spectral and Spatial Degrees of Freedom","display_name":"Optical Switching in Future Fiber-Optic Networks Utilizing Spectral and Spatial Degrees of Freedom","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308917574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/9945675/09931678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/9945675/09931678.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029009789","display_name":"Dan M. Marom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-5419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan M. Marom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109864761","display_name":"Yutaka Miyamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5813-4667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutaka Miyamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Yokosuka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Yokosuka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082727015","display_name":"David T. Neilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David T. Neilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079573429","display_name":"Ioannis Tomkos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Tomkos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Rio Campus, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Rio Campus, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029009789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94303082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"11","first_page":"1835","last_page":"1852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.6946343183517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6650316715240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5576571226119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-networking","display_name":"Optical networking","score":0.5167642831802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4129640460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41097304224967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41050654649734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3900516927242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.3503100275993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3340423107147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20486602187156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13302350044250488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.6946343183517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6650316715240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5576571226119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781382545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098878","display_name":"Optical networking","level":4,"score":0.5167642831802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4129640460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41097304224967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41050654649734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3900516927242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3503100275993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3340423107147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20486602187156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13302350044250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/9945675/09931678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3207576","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/9945675/09931678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325628","display_name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs1pz50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308917574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308917574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1679749497","https://openalex.org/W1963561884","https://openalex.org/W1965164061","https://openalex.org/W1967288887","https://openalex.org/W1972641623","https://openalex.org/W1998471240","https://openalex.org/W2004036273","https://openalex.org/W2013438099","https://openalex.org/W2024379996","https://openalex.org/W2024436451","https://openalex.org/W2045563951","https://openalex.org/W2047451226","https://openalex.org/W2051201523","https://openalex.org/W2066522374","https://openalex.org/W2073274453","https://openalex.org/W2085697051","https://openalex.org/W2093175864","https://openalex.org/W2102409945","https://openalex.org/W2121991811","https://openalex.org/W2130471162","https://openalex.org/W2133401839","https://openalex.org/W2138361600","https://openalex.org/W2151023321","https://openalex.org/W2160098881","https://openalex.org/W2161778084","https://openalex.org/W2164698118","https://openalex.org/W2170798091","https://openalex.org/W2171074396","https://openalex.org/W2188761571","https://openalex.org/W2189614182","https://openalex.org/W2330279359","https://openalex.org/W2397932281","https://openalex.org/W2412245895","https://openalex.org/W2512219930","https://openalex.org/W2524287610","https://openalex.org/W2529374198","https://openalex.org/W2547909704","https://openalex.org/W2563970295","https://openalex.org/W2569202499","https://openalex.org/W2585625860","https://openalex.org/W2586950312","https://openalex.org/W2591729902","https://openalex.org/W2593427568","https://openalex.org/W2594582629","https://openalex.org/W2602757090","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2773901613","https://openalex.org/W2777052534","https://openalex.org/W2786455287","https://openalex.org/W2789406548","https://openalex.org/W2790815819","https://openalex.org/W2791329252","https://openalex.org/W2791355704","https://openalex.org/W2793773916","https://openalex.org/W2795660244","https://openalex.org/W2798910150","https://openalex.org/W2799232997","https://openalex.org/W2804473878","https://openalex.org/W2805961112","https://openalex.org/W2819252821","https://openalex.org/W2886948000","https://openalex.org/W2892909919","https://openalex.org/W2899158487","https://openalex.org/W2903043561","https://openalex.org/W2911983556","https://openalex.org/W2913395450","https://openalex.org/W2914656019","https://openalex.org/W2915974172","https://openalex.org/W2916098508","https://openalex.org/W2922188214","https://openalex.org/W2937088522","https://openalex.org/W2946142576","https://openalex.org/W2962909429","https://openalex.org/W2979824403","https://openalex.org/W2982070790","https://openalex.org/W2983303616","https://openalex.org/W2989026618","https://openalex.org/W2990190468","https://openalex.org/W2999810366","https://openalex.org/W3006299272","https://openalex.org/W3010139347","https://openalex.org/W3012027820","https://openalex.org/W3018205445","https://openalex.org/W3026611747","https://openalex.org/W3034871008","https://openalex.org/W3035792203","https://openalex.org/W3036195472","https://openalex.org/W3037672745","https://openalex.org/W3037848031","https://openalex.org/W3080475059","https://openalex.org/W3084051828","https://openalex.org/W3106209516","https://openalex.org/W3106811883","https://openalex.org/W3130255569","https://openalex.org/W3134584833","https://openalex.org/W3158584004","https://openalex.org/W3178040264","https://openalex.org/W3181432130","https://openalex.org/W3181619495","https://openalex.org/W3182421448","https://openalex.org/W3185240115","https://openalex.org/W3190153482","https://openalex.org/W3191390985","https://openalex.org/W3204853371","https://openalex.org/W3206720492","https://openalex.org/W3208604084","https://openalex.org/W3210836284","https://openalex.org/W3215039088","https://openalex.org/W3215719432","https://openalex.org/W3216495610","https://openalex.org/W3216779439","https://openalex.org/W4205819848","https://openalex.org/W4206045538","https://openalex.org/W4206979586","https://openalex.org/W4224062424","https://openalex.org/W4285111158","https://openalex.org/W4287736196","https://openalex.org/W4290990894","https://openalex.org/W4292950821","https://openalex.org/W6679276756","https://openalex.org/W6729261712","https://openalex.org/W6791470333","https://openalex.org/W6842445231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055719185","https://openalex.org/W4242594572","https://openalex.org/W3138148309","https://openalex.org/W2034347791","https://openalex.org/W2035374003","https://openalex.org/W2102171903","https://openalex.org/W1657800232","https://openalex.org/W2129964338","https://openalex.org/W2057008742","https://openalex.org/W3152341087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forthcoming":[0],"capacity":[1,149],"scaling":[2],"requirements":[3],"of":[4,46,109],"optical":[5,10,70,116],"networks":[6,88,178],"and":[7,26,33,43,72,84,89,95,106,114,154],"advances":[8],"in":[9,151,168,184],"fiber":[11,17,67],"communications":[12],"beyond":[13],"the":[14,20,30,61,91,103,163,169],"omnipresent":[15],"single-mode":[16],"operating":[18],"over":[19],"conventional":[21],"band":[22],"introduces":[23],"new":[24,158],"opportunities":[25],"challenges":[27],"for":[28,37,111,122,161],"exploiting":[29],"expanded":[31],"spectral":[32,42,105],"spatial":[34,44,107],"resources":[35],"available":[36],"fiber-optic":[38],"network":[39,63,144],"designs.":[40],"The":[41],"degrees":[45,108],"freedom":[47,110],"introduce":[48],"utilization":[49,93],"tradeoffs":[50],"that":[51,98],"can":[52,99,118,179],"be":[53,100,119],"leveraged":[54],"under":[55],"different":[56],"applications.":[57],"After":[58],"briefly":[59],"reviewing":[60],"supporting":[62,126,162],"building":[64],"elements":[65],"(emerging":[66],"types,":[68],"multiplexers,":[69],"switches,":[71],"amplifiers),":[73],"we":[74],"consider":[75],"networking":[76],"scenarios":[77,128],"such":[78],"as":[79],"intra/inter":[80],"datacenter,":[81],"terrestrial,":[82],"undersea,":[83],"wireless":[85],"5G/6G":[86],"hauling":[87],"identify":[90],"best":[92],"plan":[94],"key":[96,185],"attributes":[97],"harnessed":[101],"by":[102],"offered":[104],"each":[112],"scenario":[113],"how":[115,175],"switching":[117,159],"employed":[120],"therein":[121],"traffic":[123,132,165],"management.":[124],"Networks":[125],"these":[127],"are":[129],"experiencing":[130],"tremendous":[131],"growth":[133],"pushing":[134],"their":[135,139],"existing":[136],"implementations":[137],"to":[138,171],"physical":[140],"capacity-distance":[141],"limits.":[142],"New":[143],"builds":[145],"must":[146],"offer":[147],"significant":[148],"multipliers":[150],"an":[152],"efficient":[153],"cost-effective":[155],"manner,":[156],"requiring":[157],"solutions":[160],"unabated":[164],"growths":[166],"foreseen":[167],"years":[170],"come.":[172],"We":[173],"discuss":[174],"space-division":[176],"multiplexed":[177],"help":[180],"address":[181],"this":[182],"challenge":[183],"communication":[186],"scenarios.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}