{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285196564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3170247","title":"MIMO Evolution Beyond 5G Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Fluid Antenna Systems","display_name":"MIMO Evolution Beyond 5G Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Fluid Antenna Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285196564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3170247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3170247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3170247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001019738","display_name":"Arman Shojaeifard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-1996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091743","display_name":"InterDigital (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxa0895","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103321","display_name":"InterDigital (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01d92aq70","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arman Shojaeifard","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321","https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089309705","display_name":"Kin\u2010Fai Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin-Fai Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006675294","display_name":"Zhiyuan Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-6601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006456392","display_name":"Alain Mourad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-0633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091743","display_name":"InterDigital (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxa0895","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103321","display_name":"InterDigital (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01d92aq70","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Mourad","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321","https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083151243","display_name":"Afshin Haghighat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091743","display_name":"InterDigital (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxa0895","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103321","display_name":"InterDigital (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01d92aq70","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afshin Haghighat","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321","https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035110792","display_name":"Ibrahim Hemadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1422-0333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091743","display_name":"InterDigital (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxa0895","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103321","display_name":"InterDigital (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01d92aq70","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Hemadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321","https://openalex.org/I36326968"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026216458","display_name":"Nhan T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-0147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhan Thanh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034332350","display_name":"Visa Tapio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-541X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Visa Tapio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029534229","display_name":"Markku Juntti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Juntti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001019738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968","https://openalex.org/I4210091743","https://openalex.org/I4210103321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6766,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98574906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"9","first_page":"1244","last_page":"1265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.850340723991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.8314347863197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5849719643592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5632587671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.5063964128494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5043541193008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflector","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","score":0.4972534477710724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.48824837803840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.47266706824302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4695079028606415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4641863703727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.46171948313713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtocell","display_name":"Femtocell","score":0.45652830600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4561019539833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.42185741662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.40483003854751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.260731965303421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.18892312049865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09620928764343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.07873645424842834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.850340723991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.8314347863197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5849719643592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5632587671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.5063964128494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5043541193008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.4972534477710724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.48824837803840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.47266706824302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4695079028606415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4641863703727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.46171948313713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152504517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572455","display_name":"Femtocell","level":3,"score":0.45652830600738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4561019539833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.42185741662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.40483003854751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.260731965303421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.18892312049865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09620928764343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.07873645424842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3170247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3170247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10148956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10148956/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Proceedings of the IEEE     pp. 1-22.   (2022)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2022100661285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2022100661285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4230935547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"318927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5973710620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V052942/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6786408510","display_name":"6G Metasurfaces: Signal Processing and Wireless Communications by Coding on Metamaterials","funder_award_id":"EP/V052942/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336704","display_name":"Infotech Oulu","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":155,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496161106","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W1902748306","https://openalex.org/W1903733958","https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1971500936","https://openalex.org/W1982153441","https://openalex.org/W1987242404","https://openalex.org/W1998362840","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2004450441","https://openalex.org/W2035885296","https://openalex.org/W2046423908","https://openalex.org/W2051951526","https://openalex.org/W2053874740","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2092990371","https://openalex.org/W2098126478","https://openalex.org/W2100995993","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2113271807","https://openalex.org/W2118040894","https://openalex.org/W2119478661","https://openalex.org/W2122567460","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2129766733","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2144256528","https://openalex.org/W2145999635","https://openalex.org/W2148097984","https://openalex.org/W2156720443","https://openalex.org/W2157164273","https://openalex.org/W2161410889","https://openalex.org/W2161501242","https://openalex.org/W2164664877","https://openalex.org/W2165520259","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2176327163","https://openalex.org/W2262390119","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2317490513","https://openalex.org/W2327817444","https://openalex.org/W2342782511","https://openalex.org/W2384823607","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2528915891","https://openalex.org/W2540088855","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2594469932","https://openalex.org/W2610343445","https://openalex.org/W2615592618","https://openalex.org/W2616120678","https://openalex.org/W2706056020","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2757377912","https://openalex.org/W2761413922","https://openalex.org/W2762993913","https://openalex.org/W2768299214","https://openalex.org/W2772664513","https://openalex.org/W2796254987","https://openalex.org/W2796984438","https://openalex.org/W2799402542","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2833256931","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2901548511","https://openalex.org/W2904598815","https://openalex.org/W2911318067","https://openalex.org/W2916238596","https://openalex.org/W2921659501","https://openalex.org/W2922148583","https://openalex.org/W2937693915","https://openalex.org/W2942706550","https://openalex.org/W2950302183","https://openalex.org/W2961714221","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2970297297","https://openalex.org/W2971659000","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2984034664","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2993373607","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3002384078","https://openalex.org/W3006962285","https://openalex.org/W3007936529","https://openalex.org/W3009959189","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3012004564","https://openalex.org/W3015419519","https://openalex.org/W3016623523","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3024755692","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3039758053","https://openalex.org/W3047088495","https://openalex.org/W3048745140","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3086476503","https://openalex.org/W3088537232","https://openalex.org/W3090924833","https://openalex.org/W3098797675","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3103243862","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3104964198","https://openalex.org/W3106405871","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3111243561","https://openalex.org/W3113871758","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W3126934368","https://openalex.org/W3127184233","https://openalex.org/W3128307304","https://openalex.org/W3128596355","https://openalex.org/W3128695051","https://openalex.org/W3129410599","https://openalex.org/W3130099654","https://openalex.org/W3133443365","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3144244478","https://openalex.org/W3145258291","https://openalex.org/W3146818589","https://openalex.org/W3155222786","https://openalex.org/W3157378496","https://openalex.org/W3162615366","https://openalex.org/W3165394497","https://openalex.org/W3171953287","https://openalex.org/W3180558487","https://openalex.org/W3189764254","https://openalex.org/W3214203877","https://openalex.org/W3216605422","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4212885017","https://openalex.org/W4213288133","https://openalex.org/W4223467657","https://openalex.org/W4226065768","https://openalex.org/W4252552905","https://openalex.org/W4290996501","https://openalex.org/W4319934201","https://openalex.org/W6770956968","https://openalex.org/W6792364866","https://openalex.org/W6793993781","https://openalex.org/W6794572106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544665014","https://openalex.org/W2748364266","https://openalex.org/W4243861219","https://openalex.org/W2556374054","https://openalex.org/W2069545207","https://openalex.org/W2911318067","https://openalex.org/W2368431684","https://openalex.org/W2362849558","https://openalex.org/W3048566321","https://openalex.org/W2962605603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"massive":[1,85],"deployment,":[2],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[3],"(MIMO)":[4],"systems":[5],"continue":[6],"to":[7,11,24,47,74,94,140],"take":[8],"mobile":[9],"communications":[10],"new":[12],"heights,":[13],"but":[14],"the":[15,30,49,64,71,81,92,96,119,138,141,174],"ever-increasing":[16],"demands":[17],"mean":[18],"that":[19,99,148,155,177],"there":[20],"is":[21,39],"a":[22,42,101,113,144,150,171],"need":[23],"look":[25],"beyond":[26,111],"MIMO":[27,86],"and":[28,77,80,116,165,184],"pursue":[29],"next":[31,50],"disruptive":[32],"wireless":[33],"technologies.":[34,108],"Reconfigurable":[35],"intelligent":[36,123],"surface":[37,120],"(RIS)":[38],"widely":[40],"considered":[41],"key":[43],"candidate":[44],"technology":[45,147],"block":[46],"provide":[48],"generational":[51],"leap.":[52],"The":[53,131],"first":[54],"part":[55,133],"of":[56,63,134,153,173],"this":[57,135],"article":[58,136,168],"provides":[59],"an":[60,122],"updated":[61],"overview":[62],"conventional":[65],"reflection-based":[66],"RIS":[67,98,159],"technology,":[68],"which":[69],"complements":[70],"existing":[72],"literature":[73],"include":[75],"active":[76],"semiactive":[78],"RIS,":[79,183],"synergies":[82,176],"with":[83,158,170],"cell-free":[84],"(CF":[87],"mMIMO).":[88],"Then,":[89],"we":[90],"widen":[91],"scope":[93],"discuss":[95],"surface-wave-assisted":[97],"represents":[100],"different":[102],"design":[103],"dimension":[104],"in":[105],"utilizing":[106],"metasurface":[107],"This":[109,167],"goes":[110],"being":[112],"passive":[114],"reflector":[115],"can":[117,156,178],"use":[118],"as":[121],"propagation":[124,129],"medium":[125],"for":[126,160],"superb":[127],"radio":[128],"efficiency.":[130],"third":[132],"turns":[137],"attention":[139],"fluid":[142,185],"antenna,":[143],"novel":[145],"antenna":[146],"enables":[149],"diverse":[151],"form":[152],"reconfigurability":[154],"combine":[157],"ultrahigh":[161],"capacity,":[162],"power":[163],"efficiency,":[164],"scalability.":[166],"concludes":[169],"discussion":[172],"potential":[175],"be":[179],"exploited":[180],"between":[181],"MIMO,":[182],"antennas.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
