{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211019681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3145662","title":"Synchronous Reluctance Machines: A Comprehensive Review and Technology Comparison","display_name":"Synchronous Reluctance Machines: A Comprehensive Review and Technology Comparison","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211019681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3145662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3145662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3145662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/7477537","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027837355","display_name":"Mukhammed Murataliyev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukhammed Murataliyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-6152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065946563","display_name":"Michele Degano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Degano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058608802","display_name":"Mauro Di Nardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-4920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Di Nardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-4920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077502782","display_name":"Nicola Bianchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-4799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-4799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108166814","display_name":"Chris Gerada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Gerada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Electronics, Machines and Control (PEMC) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":170,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99451002,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"3","first_page":"382","last_page":"399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-reluctance","display_name":"Magnetic reluctance","score":0.752475917339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5513187050819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5333637595176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45631372928619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41194140911102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3798646628856659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.32853659987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.32198983430862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.27848994731903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.17955005168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09790903329849243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197993065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390","display_name":"Magnetic reluctance","level":3,"score":0.752475917339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5513187050819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5333637595176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45631372928619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41194140911102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3798646628856659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.32853659987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.32198983430862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27848994731903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.17955005168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09790903329849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2022.3145662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3145662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:7477537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/7477537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3508287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3508287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:7477537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/7477537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320324","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497768933","https://openalex.org/W1500313741","https://openalex.org/W1532287987","https://openalex.org/W1550270799","https://openalex.org/W1582604305","https://openalex.org/W1591347633","https://openalex.org/W1904848227","https://openalex.org/W1927871025","https://openalex.org/W1967118534","https://openalex.org/W1979228476","https://openalex.org/W1983710583","https://openalex.org/W1983928649","https://openalex.org/W1986184954","https://openalex.org/W1986766870","https://openalex.org/W1989346084","https://openalex.org/W1990819288","https://openalex.org/W1997150075","https://openalex.org/W2007942760","https://openalex.org/W2018755707","https://openalex.org/W2021834908","https://openalex.org/W2028812546","https://openalex.org/W2033306972","https://openalex.org/W2035696681","https://openalex.org/W2037600830","https://openalex.org/W2042603035","https://openalex.org/W2045190093","https://openalex.org/W2051907516","https://openalex.org/W2052234018","https://openalex.org/W2058985433","https://openalex.org/W2063322925","https://openalex.org/W2064483571","https://openalex.org/W2065227069","https://openalex.org/W2067538166","https://openalex.org/W2075690413","https://openalex.org/W2078579130","https://openalex.org/W2080457623","https://openalex.org/W2084835241","https://openalex.org/W2093043264","https://openalex.org/W2100084738","https://openalex.org/W2101266532","https://openalex.org/W2102033008","https://openalex.org/W2104826294","https://openalex.org/W2108872657","https://openalex.org/W2112128338","https://openalex.org/W2113527589","https://openalex.org/W2118765477","https://openalex.org/W2122209358","https://openalex.org/W2124227376","https://openalex.org/W2134302902","https://openalex.org/W2138688834","https://openalex.org/W2148520386","https://openalex.org/W2156561817","https://openalex.org/W2158611511","https://openalex.org/W2169723188","https://openalex.org/W2191306990","https://openalex.org/W2291673406","https://openalex.org/W2316080390","https://openalex.org/W2344263911","https://openalex.org/W2346021401","https://openalex.org/W2424713252","https://openalex.org/W2483623783","https://openalex.org/W2547077688","https://openalex.org/W2566538873","https://openalex.org/W2595447687","https://openalex.org/W2602387571","https://openalex.org/W2610836412","https://openalex.org/W2761756808","https://openalex.org/W2764092763","https://openalex.org/W2790253465","https://openalex.org/W2791490925","https://openalex.org/W2799502009","https://openalex.org/W2883026210","https://openalex.org/W2895089105","https://openalex.org/W2898474856","https://openalex.org/W2904555180","https://openalex.org/W3008408540","https://openalex.org/W3044534961","https://openalex.org/W3081664576","https://openalex.org/W3082342003","https://openalex.org/W3104337017","https://openalex.org/W3109460420","https://openalex.org/W3159430157","https://openalex.org/W3172285408","https://openalex.org/W3196874509","https://openalex.org/W4232474335","https://openalex.org/W4248278819","https://openalex.org/W4250730087","https://openalex.org/W6635515932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035692004","https://openalex.org/W2010061840","https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W4285186473","https://openalex.org/W4250362013","https://openalex.org/W2948169060","https://openalex.org/W2741183254","https://openalex.org/W4206179715","https://openalex.org/W3023910696","https://openalex.org/W2337755673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,4,21,30,42,60,67,78,82,107,111,118,130,151,155,166],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"trend":[5],"toward":[6],"higher":[7,10],"efficiency":[8,160],"and":[9,33,62,81,95,110,133],"torque":[11],"density":[12],"electrical":[13],"machines":[14,39],"(EMs)":[15],"without":[16,165],"permanent":[17],"magnets":[18],"(PMs)":[19],"for":[20,84,142],"industrial":[22,34,163],"sector":[23],"has":[24,73],"rapidly":[25],"increased.":[26],"This":[27,52,121],"work":[28,90],"discusses":[29],"latest":[31,112],"research":[32,131],"advancements":[35,113],"in":[36,77,88,101,154,162],"synchronous":[37],"reluctance":[38],"(SynRMs),":[40],"being":[41],"emergent":[43],"motor":[44],"topology":[45],"gaining":[46],"wide":[47],"acceptance":[48],"by":[49],"many":[50],"industries.":[51],"article":[53,122],"presents":[54],"an":[55],"extensive":[56],"literature":[57],"review":[58],"covering":[59],"background":[61],"evolvement":[63],"of":[64,150,168],"SynRM,":[65],"including":[66],"most":[68],"recent":[69],"developments.":[70],"Nowadays,":[71],"SynRM":[72,102,143],"found":[74],"its":[75,93],"niche":[76],"EM":[79,152],"market,":[80],"reasons":[83],"that":[85],"are":[86,104],"highlighted":[87],"this":[89],"together":[91],"with":[92,114],"advantages":[94],"disadvantages.":[96],"The":[97],"key":[98],"journal":[99],"publications":[100],"topics":[103],"discussed":[105],"presenting":[106],"biggest":[108],"challenges":[109],"particular":[115],"regards":[116],"to":[117,124,129,144,158],"design":[119],"methodology.":[120],"aims":[123],"provide":[125],"a":[126,139,147],"thorough":[127],"overview":[128],"community":[132],"industry":[134],"about":[135],"SynRM.":[136],"There":[137],"is":[138],"clear":[140],"potential":[141],"take":[145],"over":[146],"significant":[148],"portion":[149],"market":[153],"near":[156],"future":[157],"meet":[159],"standards":[161],"applications":[164],"use":[167],"rare-Earth":[169],"PM":[170],"technology.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}