{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215880286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3126616","title":"Secure Wirelessly Powered Networks at the Physical Layer: Challenges, Countermeasures, and Road Ahead","display_name":"Secure Wirelessly Powered Networks at the Physical Layer: Challenges, Countermeasures, and Road Ahead","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215880286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3126616","mag":"3215880286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2021.3126616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3126616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051708868","display_name":"Xiao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-2337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094041","display_name":"Ericsson (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00nas2c56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada","Ericsson, Mississauga, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson, Mississauga, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089793687","display_name":"Nguyen Cong Luong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124651","display_name":"Phenikaa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03anxx281","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124651"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen Cong Luong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007992576","display_name":"Dinh Thai Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinh Thai Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003491752","display_name":"Yong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-8758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338634","display_name":"Ping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-5480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051708868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969","https://openalex.org/I4210094041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88775905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"1","first_page":"193","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.8069868087768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.663945198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6578237414360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6176981925964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6090651154518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5648487210273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.5499361753463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5446888208389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4594181180000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.45728984475135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.43399035930633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.4332191050052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-communication","display_name":"Secure communication","score":0.428567111492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3351837992668152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.8069868087768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.663945198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6578237414360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6176981925964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6090651154518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5648487210273743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.5499361753463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5446888208389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4594181180000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45728984475135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.43399035930633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.4332191050052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.428567111492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3351837992668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2021.3126616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3126616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/163759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/163759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1479125570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G478423709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG2-RP-2020-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6118877674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2019-06375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570971420","https://openalex.org/W1598669578","https://openalex.org/W1633315636","https://openalex.org/W1670890661","https://openalex.org/W1690486529","https://openalex.org/W1783275161","https://openalex.org/W1925963867","https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W1969461599","https://openalex.org/W1971951287","https://openalex.org/W1979585018","https://openalex.org/W1983625132","https://openalex.org/W2009714065","https://openalex.org/W2014114959","https://openalex.org/W2041235917","https://openalex.org/W2049036780","https://openalex.org/W2051975632","https://openalex.org/W2052936580","https://openalex.org/W2068266372","https://openalex.org/W2087560913","https://openalex.org/W2093044404","https://openalex.org/W2097025901","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2099461393","https://openalex.org/W2118521282","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2124280970","https://openalex.org/W2126270135","https://openalex.org/W2126423090","https://openalex.org/W2134053781","https://openalex.org/W2144573139","https://openalex.org/W2154405383","https://openalex.org/W2161271560","https://openalex.org/W2189431159","https://openalex.org/W2283598339","https://openalex.org/W2292621081","https://openalex.org/W2323360258","https://openalex.org/W2335056529","https://openalex.org/W2413180957","https://openalex.org/W2500092597","https://openalex.org/W2509004749","https://openalex.org/W2516454286","https://openalex.org/W2525673893","https://openalex.org/W2542194228","https://openalex.org/W2566281500","https://openalex.org/W2595997202","https://openalex.org/W2612174122","https://openalex.org/W2735013959","https://openalex.org/W2749254764","https://openalex.org/W2761087823","https://openalex.org/W2767240726","https://openalex.org/W2775135700","https://openalex.org/W2775597598","https://openalex.org/W2783647977","https://openalex.org/W2788856332","https://openalex.org/W2796875185","https://openalex.org/W2885873301","https://openalex.org/W2886970340","https://openalex.org/W2889788216","https://openalex.org/W2896420513","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2899603004","https://openalex.org/W2900498430","https://openalex.org/W2901756368","https://openalex.org/W2903060956","https://openalex.org/W2917787837","https://openalex.org/W2961910708","https://openalex.org/W2962893851","https://openalex.org/W2963061380","https://openalex.org/W2963271202","https://openalex.org/W2963616899","https://openalex.org/W2964063075","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W2964345771","https://openalex.org/W2969129261","https://openalex.org/W2969270394","https://openalex.org/W2975208138","https://openalex.org/W2980459100","https://openalex.org/W2983824697","https://openalex.org/W2991027732","https://openalex.org/W2992423661","https://openalex.org/W2998910091","https://openalex.org/W3005317604","https://openalex.org/W3006590209","https://openalex.org/W3008883966","https://openalex.org/W3009494512","https://openalex.org/W3010437074","https://openalex.org/W3015520783","https://openalex.org/W3019060914","https://openalex.org/W3023776207","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3028221719","https://openalex.org/W3033175307","https://openalex.org/W3035277276","https://openalex.org/W3035667171","https://openalex.org/W3040458116","https://openalex.org/W3049077195","https://openalex.org/W3096721242","https://openalex.org/W3099255444","https://openalex.org/W3099804988","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3103286997","https://openalex.org/W3103806053","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W3105621189","https://openalex.org/W3134569544","https://openalex.org/W3158658015","https://openalex.org/W3163676048","https://openalex.org/W3196944318","https://openalex.org/W6604224933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3026705917","https://openalex.org/W2516026999","https://openalex.org/W2155410265","https://openalex.org/W2769689807","https://openalex.org/W3121990887","https://openalex.org/W3166880716","https://openalex.org/W2959329152","https://openalex.org/W2904430835","https://openalex.org/W2945523224","https://openalex.org/W4313639042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harvesting":[0],"wireless":[1,90],"power":[2],"to":[3,14,24,92,129,147],"energize":[4],"miniature":[5],"devices":[6],"has":[7,96],"been":[8],"envisioned":[9],"as":[10,98],"a":[11,139],"promising":[12],"solution":[13],"sustain":[15],"future-generation":[16],"energy-sensitive":[17],"networks,":[18],"e.g.,":[19,43],"Internet-of-Things":[20],"systems.":[21],"However,":[22],"due":[23],"the":[25,66,79,85,89,106,126],"limited":[26],"computing":[27],"and":[28,50,116,120,133],"communication":[29,51,95],"capabilities,":[30],"wirelessly":[31],"powered":[32],"networks":[33],"(WPNs)":[34],"may":[35,46],"be":[36],"incapable":[37],"of":[38,68,88,109,118,125,141],"employing":[39],"complex":[40],"security":[41,77],"practices,":[42],"encryption,":[44],"which":[45],"incur":[47],"considerable":[48],"computation":[49],"overheads.":[52],"This":[53,102],"challenge":[54],"makes":[55],"securing":[56],"energy":[57],"harvesting":[58],"communications":[59,135],"an":[60,99,123],"arduous":[61],"task":[62],"and,":[63],"thus,":[64],"limits":[65],"use":[67],"WPNs":[69],"in":[70,136],"many":[71],"high-security":[72],"applications.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"context,":[76],"at":[78],"physical":[80],"layer":[81],"(PHY)":[82],"that":[83],"exploits":[84],"intrinsic":[86],"properties":[87],"medium":[91],"achieve":[93],"secure":[94,130],"emerged":[97],"alternative":[100],"paradigm.":[101],"article":[103],"first":[104],"introduces":[105],"fundamental":[107],"principles":[108],"primary":[110],"PHY":[111],"attacks,":[112],"covering":[113],"jamming,":[114],"eavesdropping,":[115],"detection":[117],"covert,":[119],"then":[121],"presents":[122],"overview":[124],"prevalent":[127],"countermeasures":[128],"both":[131],"active":[132],"passive":[134],"WPNs.":[137],"Furthermore,":[138],"number":[140],"open":[142],"research":[143],"issues":[144],"are":[145],"identified":[146],"inspire":[148],"possible":[149],"future":[150],"research.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
