{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126466163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3054628","title":"Optimizing Quality Inspection and Control in Powder Bed Metal Additive Manufacturing: Challenges and Research Directions","display_name":"Optimizing Quality Inspection and Control in Powder Bed Metal Additive Manufacturing: Challenges and Research Directions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126466163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3054628","mag":"3126466163"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2021.3054628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3054628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1240405","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028610334","display_name":"Santa Di Cataldo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-8945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Santa Di Cataldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-8945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070652829","display_name":"Sara Vinco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9666-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Vinco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9666-5194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011857762","display_name":"Gianvito Urgese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-7593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianvito Urgese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-7593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044344652","display_name":"Flaviana Calignano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-7650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flaviana Calignano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068452817","display_name":"Elisa Ficarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-2124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Ficarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058379509","display_name":"Alberto Macii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-5710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Macii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-5710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005432629","display_name":"Enrico Macii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-5618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Macii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-5618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028610334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9251911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"4","first_page":"326","last_page":"346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6158488988876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5950049757957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5821781158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5354167819023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.5195934772491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4888586401939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.47163769602775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.46358323097229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.46032989025115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.40260976552963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.37063953280448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3363540470600128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29148757457733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.21068748831748962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6158488988876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5950049757957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5821781158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5354167819023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.5195934772491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4888586401939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47163769602775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.46358323097229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.46032989025115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.40260976552963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37063953280448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3363540470600128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29148757457733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21068748831748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2021.3054628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2021.3054628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1240405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1240405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196326","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1240405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1240405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196326","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":155,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184098108","https://openalex.org/W192012672","https://openalex.org/W1191485324","https://openalex.org/W1428319675","https://openalex.org/W1494192115","https://openalex.org/W1528140509","https://openalex.org/W1598543217","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1606675879","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1930624869","https://openalex.org/W1967457420","https://openalex.org/W1971941250","https://openalex.org/W1984844599","https://openalex.org/W1984852769","https://openalex.org/W1989716051","https://openalex.org/W1990318070","https://openalex.org/W1990398337","https://openalex.org/W1992486005","https://openalex.org/W1999285909","https://openalex.org/W2000397589","https://openalex.org/W2004993160","https://openalex.org/W2012035987","https://openalex.org/W2014521333","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2027374641","https://openalex.org/W2030360390","https://openalex.org/W2031162164","https://openalex.org/W2033450640","https://openalex.org/W2034567503","https://openalex.org/W2034931354","https://openalex.org/W2037968967","https://openalex.org/W2040263621","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2041008276","https://openalex.org/W2042106257","https://openalex.org/W2042881394","https://openalex.org/W2044496596","https://openalex.org/W2046323057","https://openalex.org/W2055454329","https://openalex.org/W2055508260","https://openalex.org/W2061768597","https://openalex.org/W2066240202","https://openalex.org/W2067801844","https://openalex.org/W2068611955","https://openalex.org/W2070133136","https://openalex.org/W2072058087","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2076712969","https://openalex.org/W2082729137","https://openalex.org/W2082826895","https://openalex.org/W2085749310","https://openalex.org/W2086865491","https://openalex.org/W2109320267","https://openalex.org/W2114513732","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2124573682","https://openalex.org/W2127202995","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2137349394","https://openalex.org/W2144124496","https://openalex.org/W2148430292","https://openalex.org/W2150546776","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153843488","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2214432672","https://openalex.org/W2238871805","https://openalex.org/W2250894080","https://openalex.org/W2272112894","https://openalex.org/W2275192271","https://openalex.org/W2284239313","https://openalex.org/W2318019856","https://openalex.org/W2334555302","https://openalex.org/W2503161491","https://openalex.org/W2508523263","https://openalex.org/W2511013388","https://openalex.org/W2515744457","https://openalex.org/W2518866101","https://openalex.org/W2522795694","https://openalex.org/W2560349420","https://openalex.org/W2584508145","https://openalex.org/W2607588067","https://openalex.org/W2612494879","https://openalex.org/W2616545072","https://openalex.org/W2616549971","https://openalex.org/W2616874797","https://openalex.org/W2743167792","https://openalex.org/W2749662039","https://openalex.org/W2750470740","https://openalex.org/W2759154716","https://openalex.org/W2763360799","https://openalex.org/W2766003497","https://openalex.org/W2766660291","https://openalex.org/W2768859462","https://openalex.org/W2769235293","https://openalex.org/W2769988472","https://openalex.org/W2771371125","https://openalex.org/W2782812883","https://openalex.org/W2788826596","https://openalex.org/W2790506024","https://openalex.org/W2791906054","https://openalex.org/W2796229351","https://openalex.org/W2804975402","https://openalex.org/W2890714390","https://openalex.org/W2891179737","https://openalex.org/W2895046268","https://openalex.org/W2897900427","https://openalex.org/W2901057844","https://openalex.org/W2918053008","https://openalex.org/W2920092958","https://openalex.org/W2925126813","https://openalex.org/W2947580351","https://openalex.org/W2948416141","https://openalex.org/W2950759504","https://openalex.org/W2972263106","https://openalex.org/W2973880332","https://openalex.org/W2985674265","https://openalex.org/W2989401744","https://openalex.org/W3003826028","https://openalex.org/W3005964360","https://openalex.org/W3010812342","https://openalex.org/W3015197106","https://openalex.org/W3016989108","https://openalex.org/W3035420160","https://openalex.org/W3123691534","https://openalex.org/W3138364852","https://openalex.org/W3150282872","https://openalex.org/W3203889691","https://openalex.org/W3204978231","https://openalex.org/W3206219742","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4248681815","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607411306","https://openalex.org/W6627961696","https://openalex.org/W6660556005","https://openalex.org/W6680230557","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6726769030","https://openalex.org/W6727328129","https://openalex.org/W6737685210","https://openalex.org/W6738337768","https://openalex.org/W6763254725","https://openalex.org/W6775116874","https://openalex.org/W6775379961","https://openalex.org/W6789138279","https://openalex.org/W6791916807","https://openalex.org/W6802219217","https://openalex.org/W6802491018","https://openalex.org/W6802632975","https://openalex.org/W7013954424","https://openalex.org/W7033385114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W2948169060","https://openalex.org/W2730112582","https://openalex.org/W2358580169","https://openalex.org/W2111347279","https://openalex.org/W2110696645","https://openalex.org/W2487211728","https://openalex.org/W2378096925","https://openalex.org/W2348031209","https://openalex.org/W2485376993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,5,16,47,63,65,75,79,82,94,102,121,131,136,144,158,161,174,184,204,250,254],"the":[2,14,37,44,61,66,80,83,95,99,128,132,142,149,154,171,182,200,221,225,231,251,275],"key":[3,201],"targets":[4],"Industry":[6],"4.0":[7],"and":[8,19,56,77,167,169,192,198,236,243,258,269,278],"digital":[9],"production,":[10],"in":[11,31,104,115,155,181,255,260,282],"general,":[12],"is":[13,27,91,139],"support":[15],"faster,":[17],"cleaner,":[18],"increasingly":[20],"customizable":[21],"manufacturing":[22,25,49,67,233],"processes.":[23],"Additive":[24],"(AM)":[26],"a":[28,73,208,247],"natural":[29],"fit":[30],"this":[32,109,205,283],"context,":[33],"as":[34],"it":[35],"offers":[36],"possibility":[38],"to":[39,58,87,98,187,240,266],"produce":[40],"complex":[41],"parts":[42],"without":[43],"design":[45],"constraints":[46],"traditional":[48,88],"routes,":[50],"typically":[51,70],"reducing":[52],"both":[53],"material":[54],"waste":[55],"time":[57,165],"market.":[59],"Nonetheless,":[60],"lack":[62,74],"repeatability":[64],"process,":[68],"which":[69],"translates":[71],"into":[72,125,148],"reproducibility":[76],"reliability":[78],"quality":[81,190,234],"final":[84],"products":[85],"compared":[86],"subtractive":[89],"technologies,":[90],"currently":[92],"one":[93],"major":[96],"barriers":[97],"widespread":[100],"adoption":[101],"AM":[103,150,227],"mass":[105],"production.":[106],"To":[107],"overcome":[108],"limitation,":[110],"there":[111],"are":[112,219],"growing":[113],"efforts":[114,138],"recent":[116],"years":[117],"toward":[118],"better":[119],"integration":[120,143],"advanced":[122,145],"information":[123],"technologies":[124,147,217,268],"AM,":[126],"exploiting":[127],"layer-by-layer":[129],"nature":[130],"build.":[133],"The":[134],"consequence":[135],"these":[137],"twofold:":[140],"1)":[141],"sensing":[146,267],"systems,":[151],"making":[152],"possible":[153],"situ":[156,256],"monitoring":[157,191,257],"huge":[159],"amounts":[160],"data":[162,186],"at":[163],"multiple":[164],"scales":[166],"resolutions":[168],"2)":[170],"ever-increasing":[172],"role":[173],"data-driven":[175],"approaches":[176],"[especially":[177],"machine":[178],"learning":[179],"(ML)]":[180],"analysis":[183],"such":[185],"provide":[188,246],"real-time":[189],"process":[193],"optimization.":[194],"This":[195],"article":[196],"introduces":[197],"reviews":[199],"technological":[202],"developments":[203],"phenomenon,":[206],"with":[207,263],"special":[209,264],"focus":[210],"on":[211],"metal":[212,261],"powder":[213],"bed":[214],"fusion":[215],"(PBF)":[216],"that":[218,238],"attracting":[220],"highest":[222],"attention":[223],"by":[224],"industrial":[226],"community.":[228],"After":[229],"introducing":[230],"main":[232],"issues":[235],"needs":[237],"have":[239],"be":[241],"developed":[242],"optimized,":[244],"we":[245,273],"wide":[248],"overview":[249],"latest":[252],"progress":[253],"control":[259],"PBF,":[262],"regards":[265],"ML":[270],"approaches.":[271],"Finally,":[272],"identify":[274],"open":[276],"challenges":[277],"future":[279],"research":[280],"directions":[281],"field.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
