{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118411764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3045721","title":"Hybrid and Electric Vehicle (HEV/EV) Technologies for Off-Road Applications","display_name":"Hybrid and Electric Vehicle (HEV/EV) Technologies for Off-Road Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118411764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3045721","mag":"3118411764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3045721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3045721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023657990","display_name":"M. Abul Masrur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0669-0498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304082316","display_name":"United States Department of the Army","ror":"https://ror.org/035w1gb98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482723","display_name":"U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Ground Vehicle System Center","ror":"https://ror.org/026zar759","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437","https://openalex.org/I4388482723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Abul Masrur","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army DEVCOM Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC), Warren, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army DEVCOM Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC), Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4388482723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023657990"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4388482723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7305,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8447871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"6","first_page":"1077","last_page":"1093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.7564876079559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.522280216217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5153741240501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42639321088790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.41231569647789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.4014914035797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32669752836227417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.7564876079559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.522280216217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5153741240501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42639321088790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41231569647789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4014914035797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32669752836227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3045721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3045721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168949469","https://openalex.org/W559983659","https://openalex.org/W1495105280","https://openalex.org/W1499563187","https://openalex.org/W1553966825","https://openalex.org/W1653556604","https://openalex.org/W1830644485","https://openalex.org/W1918361678","https://openalex.org/W1993054290","https://openalex.org/W2020738403","https://openalex.org/W2024613230","https://openalex.org/W2042840449","https://openalex.org/W2045598693","https://openalex.org/W2060272433","https://openalex.org/W2060722129","https://openalex.org/W2065766588","https://openalex.org/W2077736783","https://openalex.org/W2083169054","https://openalex.org/W2102060681","https://openalex.org/W2105112061","https://openalex.org/W2112164608","https://openalex.org/W2115547688","https://openalex.org/W2116224533","https://openalex.org/W2119597042","https://openalex.org/W2120459844","https://openalex.org/W2128627041","https://openalex.org/W2129613022","https://openalex.org/W2133277726","https://openalex.org/W2134989419","https://openalex.org/W2135790462","https://openalex.org/W2141659928","https://openalex.org/W2147354473","https://openalex.org/W2147636632","https://openalex.org/W2171847350","https://openalex.org/W2183561171","https://openalex.org/W2216308381","https://openalex.org/W2293764027","https://openalex.org/W2332031308","https://openalex.org/W2343689273","https://openalex.org/W2434307096","https://openalex.org/W2484947688","https://openalex.org/W2586777591","https://openalex.org/W2587528644","https://openalex.org/W2592103483","https://openalex.org/W2609934283","https://openalex.org/W2670744697","https://openalex.org/W2767716931","https://openalex.org/W2772761907","https://openalex.org/W2796482331","https://openalex.org/W2802349281","https://openalex.org/W2811310831","https://openalex.org/W2907742387","https://openalex.org/W2935787875","https://openalex.org/W2946580409","https://openalex.org/W2967647558","https://openalex.org/W2969073161","https://openalex.org/W2970249675","https://openalex.org/W2971042922","https://openalex.org/W2972751607","https://openalex.org/W2999601900","https://openalex.org/W3149669411","https://openalex.org/W3204670227","https://openalex.org/W4247710879","https://openalex.org/W4251273539","https://openalex.org/W6656146454","https://openalex.org/W6686196596","https://openalex.org/W6697289551","https://openalex.org/W6733269906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W590383186","https://openalex.org/W2382087633","https://openalex.org/W2472798105","https://openalex.org/W2347572285","https://openalex.org/W2571827127","https://openalex.org/W3125878227","https://openalex.org/W4385671734","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2162365590","https://openalex.org/W3014204036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"and":[1,21,58,79],"electric":[2],"vehicle":[3],"(HEV/EV)":[4],"technology":[5,47,98,112],"is":[6,23,38,99,108],"reasonably":[7],"mature":[8],"at":[9],"this":[10,34,46,70],"time,":[11],"with":[12],"a":[13,24,63,119],"few":[14],"million":[15],"vehicles":[16],"around":[17],"in":[18,29,71],"the":[19,30,43,73,77,85,88,92,96,111],"world,":[20],"there":[22,37],"significant":[25],"amount":[26],"of":[27,45],"literature":[28,41],"public":[31],"domain":[32],"on":[33,42],"subject.":[35],"However,":[36],"not":[39],"enough":[40],"application":[44,104],"for":[48,101,118],"off-road":[49],"vehicles,":[50,57],"including":[51],"construction":[52],"equipment,":[53],"other":[54],"industrial":[55],"utility":[56],"nonautomotive":[59],"applications,":[60],"such":[61],"as":[62],"locomotive,":[64],"ships,":[65],"or":[66],"airborne":[67],"vehicles.":[68],"With":[69],"mind,":[72],"author":[74,86],"presents":[75],"here":[76],"topic":[78],"its":[80],"current":[81],"status.":[82],"In":[83],"addition,":[84],"discusses":[87],"issue":[89],"related":[90],"to":[91],"decision-making":[93],"process":[94],"before":[95],"above":[97],"introduced":[100],"any":[102],"HEV/EV":[103],"so":[105],"that":[106,110],"one":[107],"assured":[109],"will":[113],"bring":[114],"benefit":[115],"if":[116],"applied":[117],"particular":[120],"purpose.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}