{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112257289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3041417","title":"A Critical Review of Advanced Electric Machines and Control Strategies for Electric Vehicles","display_name":"A Critical Review of Advanced Electric Machines and Control Strategies for Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112257289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3041417","mag":"3112257289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3041417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3041417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605292","display_name":"Chunhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-5448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083347526","display_name":"K. T. Chau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-9688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. T. Chau","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461247","display_name":"Christopher H. T. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher H. T. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050892996","display_name":"Zaixin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-3350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaixin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100605292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9928994,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"6","first_page":"1004","last_page":"1028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.8281082510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/futures-studies","display_name":"Futures studies","score":0.7417348027229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.6057152152061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5248011350631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4556260108947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43432024121284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-cars","display_name":"Electric cars","score":0.4126478135585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.38946104049682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3888491690158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.23196673393249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.22583669424057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20632347464561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16692021489143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10113483667373657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.8281082510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64848388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188867","display_name":"Futures studies","level":2,"score":0.7417348027229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.6057152152061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5248011350631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4556260108947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43432024121284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987494969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193692","display_name":"Electric cars","level":2,"score":0.4126478135585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.38946104049682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3888491690158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.23196673393249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.22583669424057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20632347464561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16692021489143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10113483667373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3041417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3041417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3672694720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HKU 17205518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535214176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CityU 21201216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":182,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567060304","https://openalex.org/W1027182629","https://openalex.org/W1516977495","https://openalex.org/W1592222274","https://openalex.org/W1641563937","https://openalex.org/W1651734013","https://openalex.org/W1940099970","https://openalex.org/W1963738108","https://openalex.org/W1964221209","https://openalex.org/W1976513501","https://openalex.org/W1977402983","https://openalex.org/W1986736077","https://openalex.org/W1988924046","https://openalex.org/W1997747923","https://openalex.org/W1999518911","https://openalex.org/W2003574569","https://openalex.org/W2010034518","https://openalex.org/W2015096303","https://openalex.org/W2015261631","https://openalex.org/W2017110708","https://openalex.org/W2021883393","https://openalex.org/W2023040571","https://openalex.org/W2043130479","https://openalex.org/W2046998299","https://openalex.org/W2051321148","https://openalex.org/W2053036780","https://openalex.org/W2055978835","https://openalex.org/W2056279643","https://openalex.org/W2060612859","https://openalex.org/W2061006969","https://openalex.org/W2068782148","https://openalex.org/W2069824908","https://openalex.org/W2083287037","https://openalex.org/W2090749958","https://openalex.org/W2095722010","https://openalex.org/W2096172975","https://openalex.org/W2096355599","https://openalex.org/W2098428686","https://openalex.org/W2101112650","https://openalex.org/W2102477350","https://openalex.org/W2105127123","https://openalex.org/W2105896412","https://openalex.org/W2109075551","https://openalex.org/W2109351365","https://openalex.org/W2110656614","https://openalex.org/W2118567159","https://openalex.org/W2119025526","https://openalex.org/W2122269584","https://openalex.org/W2123508642","https://openalex.org/W2123798735","https://openalex.org/W2125147756","https://openalex.org/W2126290973","https://openalex.org/W2126364805","https://openalex.org/W2128338955","https://openalex.org/W2129104824","https://openalex.org/W2130857537","https://openalex.org/W2131451104","https://openalex.org/W2131789431","https://openalex.org/W2132224274","https://openalex.org/W2133959212","https://openalex.org/W2135535457","https://openalex.org/W2135683497","https://openalex.org/W2137577751","https://openalex.org/W2144758358","https://openalex.org/W2146993109","https://openalex.org/W2148214282","https://openalex.org/W2149434818","https://openalex.org/W2150534144","https://openalex.org/W2158650012","https://openalex.org/W2158793625","https://openalex.org/W2159770667","https://openalex.org/W2160276238","https://openalex.org/W2162774219","https://openalex.org/W2162823581","https://openalex.org/W2162877829","https://openalex.org/W2167458219","https://openalex.org/W2168408340","https://openalex.org/W2172192902","https://openalex.org/W2172411682","https://openalex.org/W2240529761","https://openalex.org/W2247257590","https://openalex.org/W2281813149","https://openalex.org/W2296181624","https://openalex.org/W2315337953","https://openalex.org/W2315387821","https://openalex.org/W2321265480","https://openalex.org/W2322549747","https://openalex.org/W2323871376","https://openalex.org/W2323944522","https://openalex.org/W2324788330","https://openalex.org/W2335363575","https://openalex.org/W2343689273","https://openalex.org/W2343759711","https://openalex.org/W2343997752","https://openalex.org/W2344849367","https://openalex.org/W2346189783","https://openalex.org/W2497034238","https://openalex.org/W2514009634","https://openalex.org/W2516728178","https://openalex.org/W2520473532","https://openalex.org/W2534691263","https://openalex.org/W2535521245","https://openalex.org/W2548539954","https://openalex.org/W2548618581","https://openalex.org/W2550054279","https://openalex.org/W2553224790","https://openalex.org/W2559806691","https://openalex.org/W2568715513","https://openalex.org/W2582927646","https://openalex.org/W2583644357","https://openalex.org/W2587693299","https://openalex.org/W2595776428","https://openalex.org/W2605415901","https://openalex.org/W2611723827","https://openalex.org/W2615799766","https://openalex.org/W2620171843","https://openalex.org/W2620990577","https://openalex.org/W2624966614","https://openalex.org/W2729241435","https://openalex.org/W2735538861","https://openalex.org/W2740902625","https://openalex.org/W2743021356","https://openalex.org/W2743057625","https://openalex.org/W2747160424","https://openalex.org/W2760664253","https://openalex.org/W2768910370","https://openalex.org/W2770505805","https://openalex.org/W2780353493","https://openalex.org/W2789253593","https://openalex.org/W2791396604","https://openalex.org/W2792785197","https://openalex.org/W2793845860","https://openalex.org/W2794449512","https://openalex.org/W2796805609","https://openalex.org/W2799425108","https://openalex.org/W2800610538","https://openalex.org/W2803290223","https://openalex.org/W2807626915","https://openalex.org/W2808708435","https://openalex.org/W2809822040","https://openalex.org/W2810855302","https://openalex.org/W2855931038","https://openalex.org/W2874574956","https://openalex.org/W2883783087","https://openalex.org/W2890629910","https://openalex.org/W2898296651","https://openalex.org/W2900798153","https://openalex.org/W2902877461","https://openalex.org/W2903453802","https://openalex.org/W2905153888","https://openalex.org/W2910525979","https://openalex.org/W2913191149","https://openalex.org/W2919732203","https://openalex.org/W2921490129","https://openalex.org/W2921693636","https://openalex.org/W2928310820","https://openalex.org/W2940811339","https://openalex.org/W2946560225","https://openalex.org/W2947053809","https://openalex.org/W2953660465","https://openalex.org/W2953941099","https://openalex.org/W2964433003","https://openalex.org/W2964554559","https://openalex.org/W2966737234","https://openalex.org/W2966996372","https://openalex.org/W2972893831","https://openalex.org/W2979457604","https://openalex.org/W2989963154","https://openalex.org/W2994433718","https://openalex.org/W2998867225","https://openalex.org/W3004309506","https://openalex.org/W3008292772","https://openalex.org/W3010458134","https://openalex.org/W3012431416","https://openalex.org/W3013748814","https://openalex.org/W3017489120","https://openalex.org/W3029607231","https://openalex.org/W4237113881","https://openalex.org/W4250418432","https://openalex.org/W4254140300","https://openalex.org/W6647628182","https://openalex.org/W6749756246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390453990","https://openalex.org/W4389411002","https://openalex.org/W3184939660","https://openalex.org/W3131833390","https://openalex.org/W2795571244","https://openalex.org/W2026722934","https://openalex.org/W585152423","https://openalex.org/W2883681549","https://openalex.org/W1979073812","https://openalex.org/W2604523609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transportation":[0],"electrification":[1],"has":[2,22],"attracted":[3],"much":[4],"attention":[5],"in":[6],"modern":[7],"society.":[8],"Among":[9],"all":[10],"electrified":[11],"transportation":[12],"tools,":[13],"electric":[14,46,77,99],"vehicle":[15],"(EV)":[16],"is":[17,40,57],"absolutely":[18],"the":[19,31,95],"one":[20],"that":[21],"great":[23],"potential":[24],"to":[25,41,60,81],"compete":[26],"with":[27],"and":[28,43,48,71,73,101],"further":[29],"take":[30],"place":[32],"of":[33,98],"traditional":[34],"fossil":[35],"fuel":[36],"vehicles.":[37],"This":[38,90],"article":[39],"outline":[42],"investigate":[44],"advanced":[45,76],"machines":[47,78,100],"their":[49,102],"control":[50,68],"strategies":[51],"for":[52,75],"EV":[53,88],"applications.":[54,89],"The":[55],"key":[56],"not":[58],"only":[59],"reveal":[61],"new":[62],"design":[63],"ideas,":[64],"topologies,":[65],"structures,":[66],"methodologies,":[67],"strategies,":[69],"pros":[70],"cons,":[72],"foresight":[74],"but":[79],"also":[80],"fully":[82],"integrate":[83],"these":[84],"ideas":[85],"into":[86],"practical":[87],"critical":[91],"review":[92],"will":[93],"clarify":[94],"development":[96],"trends":[97],"controls.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}