{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088812417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3020792","title":"Circuit-Level Techniques for Logic and Memory Blocks in Approximate Computing Systemsx","display_name":"Circuit-Level Techniques for Logic and Memory Blocks in Approximate Computing Systemsx","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088812417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3020792","mag":"3088812417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3020792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3020792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088683571","display_name":"Saba Amanollahi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba Amanollahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042809860","display_name":"Mehdi Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-6440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-6440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074063358","display_name":"Ali Afzali\u2010Kusha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-2007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Afzali-Kusha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-2007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044650311","display_name":"Massoud Pedram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-7307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massoud Pedram","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-7307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83841016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"108","issue":"12","first_page":"2150","last_page":"2177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7912396192550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6838008761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.599748432636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5418224930763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5352429151535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-synthesis","display_name":"Logic synthesis","score":0.4208950102329254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.37201249599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.34163421392440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3338772654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3292739689350128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27219417691230774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7912396192550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6838008761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.599748432636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5418224930763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5352429151535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4208950102329254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.37201249599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.34163421392440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3338772654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3292739689350128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27219417691230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3020792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.3020792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":144,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147723833","https://openalex.org/W1496057122","https://openalex.org/W1518236483","https://openalex.org/W1522250664","https://openalex.org/W1536709531","https://openalex.org/W1551895058","https://openalex.org/W1636028932","https://openalex.org/W1871722508","https://openalex.org/W1940631071","https://openalex.org/W1965053167","https://openalex.org/W1965522623","https://openalex.org/W1974078116","https://openalex.org/W1977642081","https://openalex.org/W1980127372","https://openalex.org/W1981893865","https://openalex.org/W1982780415","https://openalex.org/W1983254208","https://openalex.org/W1986192284","https://openalex.org/W1988918651","https://openalex.org/W1998824039","https://openalex.org/W1999293502","https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2013028205","https://openalex.org/W2017819499","https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2028802049","https://openalex.org/W2033342648","https://openalex.org/W2045881697","https://openalex.org/W2046531456","https://openalex.org/W2053709612","https://openalex.org/W2055549420","https://openalex.org/W2068965783","https://openalex.org/W2072122809","https://openalex.org/W2075695768","https://openalex.org/W2078260102","https://openalex.org/W2082279372","https://openalex.org/W2086309060","https://openalex.org/W2091897894","https://openalex.org/W2092582556","https://openalex.org/W2098404312","https://openalex.org/W2106360508","https://openalex.org/W2117941564","https://openalex.org/W2119299853","https://openalex.org/W2121269218","https://openalex.org/W2124616298","https://openalex.org/W2126044301","https://openalex.org/W2129183345","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2134633067","https://openalex.org/W2135089667","https://openalex.org/W2136298106","https://openalex.org/W2141546789","https://openalex.org/W2143727636","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2150853784","https://openalex.org/W2151503471","https://openalex.org/W2154001575","https://openalex.org/W2156795948","https://openalex.org/W2170881177","https://openalex.org/W2171894735","https://openalex.org/W2187230075","https://openalex.org/W2242525806","https://openalex.org/W2244395066","https://openalex.org/W2282171944","https://openalex.org/W2321746411","https://openalex.org/W2346021534","https://openalex.org/W2346541696","https://openalex.org/W2346685430","https://openalex.org/W2389140105","https://openalex.org/W2401836885","https://openalex.org/W2411966609","https://openalex.org/W2460228185","https://openalex.org/W2487018225","https://openalex.org/W2535011077","https://openalex.org/W2550037452","https://openalex.org/W2577531088","https://openalex.org/W2587701905","https://openalex.org/W2589986623","https://openalex.org/W2611802368","https://openalex.org/W2612139336","https://openalex.org/W2612315906","https://openalex.org/W2612832886","https://openalex.org/W2613817144","https://openalex.org/W2613883010","https://openalex.org/W2625028270","https://openalex.org/W2736056735","https://openalex.org/W2742536119","https://openalex.org/W2742847738","https://openalex.org/W2746351350","https://openalex.org/W2753260734","https://openalex.org/W2757647500","https://openalex.org/W2765093634","https://openalex.org/W2766179883","https://openalex.org/W2768008583","https://openalex.org/W2771761612","https://openalex.org/W2782055018","https://openalex.org/W2790201018","https://openalex.org/W2795147506","https://openalex.org/W2798849870","https://openalex.org/W2800189959","https://openalex.org/W2800371094","https://openalex.org/W2802367674","https://openalex.org/W2804278822","https://openalex.org/W2807195341","https://openalex.org/W2807899451","https://openalex.org/W2808327285","https://openalex.org/W2810779111","https://openalex.org/W2877207791","https://openalex.org/W2884390179","https://openalex.org/W2890409005","https://openalex.org/W2898147584","https://openalex.org/W2903954453","https://openalex.org/W2904440456","https://openalex.org/W2905996924","https://openalex.org/W2908337630","https://openalex.org/W2916566087","https://openalex.org/W2921026389","https://openalex.org/W2931450475","https://openalex.org/W2945277319","https://openalex.org/W2946374992","https://openalex.org/W2955895406","https://openalex.org/W2969032972","https://openalex.org/W2970545431","https://openalex.org/W2971663163","https://openalex.org/W2971844763","https://openalex.org/W2992721891","https://openalex.org/W3009178428","https://openalex.org/W3099470245","https://openalex.org/W3100863146","https://openalex.org/W3144686307","https://openalex.org/W3145958020","https://openalex.org/W4235001503","https://openalex.org/W4235991875","https://openalex.org/W4238634047","https://openalex.org/W4239813889","https://openalex.org/W4243154030","https://openalex.org/W4252874685","https://openalex.org/W6631155369","https://openalex.org/W6643777650","https://openalex.org/W6644664026","https://openalex.org/W6676258682","https://openalex.org/W6681969235","https://openalex.org/W6683063598","https://openalex.org/W6704578084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098419840","https://openalex.org/W1944377106","https://openalex.org/W1966764473","https://openalex.org/W1996820488","https://openalex.org/W2901661247","https://openalex.org/W2130565894","https://openalex.org/W4312497944","https://openalex.org/W2789349722","https://openalex.org/W4281558578","https://openalex.org/W1984298705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,103],"article":[1,29,104],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,36,89,110,115],"circuit-level":[6,40,54],"techniques":[7,42,56],"used":[8,83],"for":[9,43,67],"approximate":[10,90],"computing":[11],"(AC),":[12],"including":[13],"both":[14,68],"computation":[15],"and":[16,25,46,66,70,92,95],"data":[17,44],"storage":[18],"units.":[19],"After":[20],"providing":[21],"some":[22],"background":[23],"concept":[24],"methodology":[26],"review,":[27],"this":[28],"proceeds":[30],"to":[31,60,84],"provide":[32],"a":[33,108],"detailed":[34],"review":[35],"prior":[37,118],"art":[38],"in":[39,64],"approximation":[41,55],"path":[45],"memory.":[47],"The":[48],"focus":[49],"is":[50,76,100,105],"on":[51,79],"identifying":[52],"key":[53,112],"that":[57],"are":[58],"applicable":[59],"the":[61,80,86,97,111,116],"computational":[62],"blocks":[63],"general":[65],"volatile":[69],"nonvolatile":[71],"memory":[72,93],"circuit":[73],"technologies.":[74],"Emphasis":[75],"also":[77],"placed":[78],"error":[81],"metrics":[82],"assess":[85],"output":[87],"quality":[88],"compute":[91],"units":[94],"whether":[96],"accuracy":[98],"setting":[99],"dynamically":[101],"reconfigurable.":[102],"concluded":[106],"with":[107],"summary":[109],"distinguishing":[113],"features":[114],"reviewed":[117],"art.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
