{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963080877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2925526","title":"Ecosystem of Things: Hardware, Software, and Architecture","display_name":"Ecosystem of Things: Hardware, Software, and Architecture","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963080877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2925526","mag":"2963080877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2019.2925526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2925526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740292","display_name":"Chao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-5451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101912953","display_name":"Xiaohui Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-6379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-6379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628169","display_name":"Zhiwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1480-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101917726","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8786-4562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84182164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"107","issue":"8","first_page":"1563","last_page":"1583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7770147919654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7077809572219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6368688941001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision","display_name":"Vision","score":0.6202216148376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.574220597743988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.5288589596748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5225334167480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5208747386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragmentation","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","score":0.446390300989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.425136923789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39994552731513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2410896122455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20991981029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08884048461914062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7770147919654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7077809572219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6368688941001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133979268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1682108","display_name":"Vision","level":2,"score":0.6202216148376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.574220597743988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.5288589596748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5225334167480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5208747386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.446390300989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.425136923789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39994552731513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2410896122455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20991981029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08884048461914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2019.2925526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2925526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5325435325","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5b58\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784","funder_award_id":"61532016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6538360","https://openalex.org/W629044293","https://openalex.org/W1514690261","https://openalex.org/W1529746645","https://openalex.org/W1575841671","https://openalex.org/W1591370845","https://openalex.org/W1663109347","https://openalex.org/W1965454984","https://openalex.org/W1971283588","https://openalex.org/W1975136868","https://openalex.org/W1983394510","https://openalex.org/W1992572367","https://openalex.org/W1993093542","https://openalex.org/W1998525920","https://openalex.org/W2001291669","https://openalex.org/W2019269619","https://openalex.org/W2021946068","https://openalex.org/W2022282479","https://openalex.org/W2030989609","https://openalex.org/W2031926216","https://openalex.org/W2046672513","https://openalex.org/W2048231947","https://openalex.org/W2056103304","https://openalex.org/W2064070573","https://openalex.org/W2064471871","https://openalex.org/W2072641892","https://openalex.org/W2075053596","https://openalex.org/W2075214965","https://openalex.org/W2076838317","https://openalex.org/W2079751107","https://openalex.org/W2093375622","https://openalex.org/W2095327350","https://openalex.org/W2097565277","https://openalex.org/W2098407391","https://openalex.org/W2111735601","https://openalex.org/W2118153514","https://openalex.org/W2124468854","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2135099885","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2157338349","https://openalex.org/W2169061810","https://openalex.org/W2209735022","https://openalex.org/W2249271024","https://openalex.org/W2338411938","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2417800902","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2486406126","https://openalex.org/W2492915256","https://openalex.org/W2517687623","https://openalex.org/W2547405038","https://openalex.org/W2549687423","https://openalex.org/W2560001633","https://openalex.org/W2560732611","https://openalex.org/W2584476307","https://openalex.org/W2588043560","https://openalex.org/W2591728639","https://openalex.org/W2594492285","https://openalex.org/W2594724343","https://openalex.org/W2594836184","https://openalex.org/W2616435972","https://openalex.org/W2732039841","https://openalex.org/W2732951378","https://openalex.org/W2735574181","https://openalex.org/W2735723457","https://openalex.org/W2735763017","https://openalex.org/W2740394872","https://openalex.org/W2744369623","https://openalex.org/W2744562181","https://openalex.org/W2751079326","https://openalex.org/W2758454409","https://openalex.org/W2761361216","https://openalex.org/W2770055653","https://openalex.org/W2770176323","https://openalex.org/W2790601868","https://openalex.org/W2793566101","https://openalex.org/W2794141774","https://openalex.org/W2794245731","https://openalex.org/W2798598799","https://openalex.org/W2800122869","https://openalex.org/W2802082151","https://openalex.org/W2804032941","https://openalex.org/W2808626989","https://openalex.org/W2882997212","https://openalex.org/W2896167869","https://openalex.org/W2897710142","https://openalex.org/W2901069188","https://openalex.org/W2902700427","https://openalex.org/W2903504045","https://openalex.org/W2903813365","https://openalex.org/W2905507405","https://openalex.org/W2912012512","https://openalex.org/W2913493072","https://openalex.org/W2949342675","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2953448538","https://openalex.org/W2962883027","https://openalex.org/W2963255460","https://openalex.org/W3099200343","https://openalex.org/W4250478701","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631650157","https://openalex.org/W6637070250","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6717080717","https://openalex.org/W6735008196","https://openalex.org/W6740159687","https://openalex.org/W6740697456","https://openalex.org/W6741855767","https://openalex.org/W6742450443","https://openalex.org/W6744016141","https://openalex.org/W6749307483","https://openalex.org/W6751349269","https://openalex.org/W6751828926","https://openalex.org/W6757188888","https://openalex.org/W6987020231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979760315","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313339048","https://openalex.org/W2956163139","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W4386004629","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge":[0],"computing":[1,8,56,71],"is":[2,18,97],"a":[3,19,60,66],"continuum":[4],"that":[5],"includes":[6],"the":[7,22,39,45,48,55,93,98,108,127,131,134,139],"resources":[9],"from":[10,152],"cloud":[11],"to":[12,114,141],"things.":[13],"Ecosystem":[14],"of":[15,21,24,31,33,47,50,68,75,129],"things":[16,34],"(EoT)":[17],"subsystem":[20],"ecosystem":[23,121,147],"edge":[25,70,117],"computing,":[26],"which":[27],"potentially":[28],"contains":[29],"trillions":[30],"devices":[32],"and":[35,77,87,133,155,161],"directly":[36],"interacts":[37],"with":[38,59,72],"physical":[40],"world.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"surveys":[44],"state":[46],"art":[49],"EoT":[51],"by":[52,107],"focusing":[53],"on":[54],"infrastructure":[57],"aspect":[58],"forward-looking":[61],"perspective.":[62],"We":[63,79,149,164],"point":[64,166],"out":[65,167],"trend":[67],"smart":[69,116],"four":[73],"types":[74],"smartness":[76],"intelligence.":[78],"address":[80],"three":[81],"fundamental":[82],"questions.":[83],"1)":[84],"What":[85,96,103,120],"capabilities":[86],"how":[88],"much":[89],"energy":[90],"efficiency":[91],"are":[92,105],"hardware":[94],"providing?":[95],"future":[99,168],"growth":[100],"potential?":[101],"2)":[102],"abstractions":[104],"provided":[106],"system":[109],"software?":[110],"Are":[111,136],"they":[112,137],"adequate":[113],"support":[115],"computing?":[118],"3)":[119],"architectures":[122],"have":[123],"been":[124],"proposed":[125],"for":[126],"coordination":[128],"things,":[130],"edge,":[132],"cloud?":[135],"meeting":[138],"needs":[140],"encourage":[142],"innovation":[143],"but":[144],"avoid":[145],"unnecessary":[146],"fragmentation?":[148],"examine":[150],"advances":[151],"both":[153],"industry":[154],"academia,":[156],"including":[157],"research":[158,169],"results,":[159],"visions,":[160],"project":[162],"concepts.":[163],"also":[165],"directions.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
