{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2960944858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2922285","title":"Computation Offloading Toward Edge Computing","display_name":"Computation Offloading Toward Edge Computing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2960944858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2922285","mag":"2960944858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2019.2922285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2922285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646884","display_name":"Li Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-198X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Informatics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-198X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Informatics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022398389","display_name":"Xiaofei Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-813X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-813X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022262922","display_name":"Hai Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-7605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-7605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432795","display_name":"Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":455,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99844037,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"107","issue":"8","first_page":"1584","last_page":"1607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.7592670917510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6736668944358826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6256837844848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.549299955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47976478934288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3471425771713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.34239715337753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20133867859840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13796833157539368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.7592670917510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6736668944358826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6256837844848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.549299955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47976478934288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3471425771713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.34239715337753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20133867859840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13796833157539368}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2019.2922285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2922285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1015014303","display_name":"\u4e91\u7aef\u878d\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e0bQoS\u654f\u611f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61502103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2465329715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4048291434","display_name":"Resilient Blockchain for Secure Information Sharing in Disaster Environment","funder_award_id":"19K20258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4565136922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5138959851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1003500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":219,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1230574503","https://openalex.org/W1409892002","https://openalex.org/W1474786465","https://openalex.org/W1486457878","https://openalex.org/W1539689205","https://openalex.org/W1560991659","https://openalex.org/W1595535199","https://openalex.org/W1607207171","https://openalex.org/W1734019305","https://openalex.org/W1872241854","https://openalex.org/W1904504745","https://openalex.org/W1924994176","https://openalex.org/W1966769064","https://openalex.org/W1969299781","https://openalex.org/W1976188373","https://openalex.org/W1976348146","https://openalex.org/W1976986662","https://openalex.org/W1977560620","https://openalex.org/W1979045671","https://openalex.org/W1986293551","https://openalex.org/W1990377949","https://openalex.org/W1997269120","https://openalex.org/W1998509479","https://openalex.org/W1999221168","https://openalex.org/W2008668719","https://openalex.org/W2008939017","https://openalex.org/W2012423440","https://openalex.org/W2023169239","https://openalex.org/W2023380813","https://openalex.org/W2025529395","https://openalex.org/W2029016069","https://openalex.org/W2029414465","https://openalex.org/W2032129959","https://openalex.org/W2039556965","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2044546235","https://openalex.org/W2049577911","https://openalex.org/W2054560510","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2060964919","https://openalex.org/W2061737634","https://openalex.org/W2061860832","https://openalex.org/W2065266960","https://openalex.org/W2070178939","https://openalex.org/W2073173176","https://openalex.org/W2074015674","https://openalex.org/W2078069481","https://openalex.org/W2083559574","https://openalex.org/W2085094300","https://openalex.org/W2086402015","https://openalex.org/W2088692353","https://openalex.org/W2094547360","https://openalex.org/W2095900167","https://openalex.org/W2098545955","https://openalex.org/W2100538831","https://openalex.org/W2101788345","https://openalex.org/W2102849319","https://openalex.org/W2104237724","https://openalex.org/W2105947650","https://openalex.org/W2109595453","https://openalex.org/W2109983959","https://openalex.org/W2111581171","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2112084485","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2117252912","https://openalex.org/W2117702591","https://openalex.org/W2119107846","https://openalex.org/W2119276484","https://openalex.org/W2119896671","https://openalex.org/W2120422789","https://openalex.org/W2121496786","https://openalex.org/W2121761330","https://openalex.org/W2121884932","https://openalex.org/W2125444986","https://openalex.org/W2125593153","https://openalex.org/W2129120341","https://openalex.org/W2129636357","https://openalex.org/W2129861682","https://openalex.org/W2131629857","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2133239492","https://openalex.org/W2135099885","https://openalex.org/W2136877695","https://openalex.org/W2142682167","https://openalex.org/W2144554277","https://openalex.org/W2145695845","https://openalex.org/W2150934664","https://openalex.org/W2155903900","https://openalex.org/W2159694746","https://openalex.org/W2160034851","https://openalex.org/W2165046421","https://openalex.org/W2166743230","https://openalex.org/W2169466806","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2201051564","https://openalex.org/W2245189809","https://openalex.org/W2262390119","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2282735417","https://openalex.org/W2304765993","https://openalex.org/W2343050074","https://openalex.org/W2346747324","https://openalex.org/W2392395307","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2417800902","https://openalex.org/W2463406648","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2486013602","https://openalex.org/W2487721890","https://openalex.org/W2503176171","https://openalex.org/W2512560369","https://openalex.org/W2512609795","https://openalex.org/W2515329741","https://openalex.org/W2525400794","https://openalex.org/W2529539831","https://openalex.org/W2529556398","https://openalex.org/W2536026289","https://openalex.org/W2546457897","https://openalex.org/W2549050854","https://openalex.org/W2558909097","https://openalex.org/W2559231463","https://openalex.org/W2560732611","https://openalex.org/W2564810971","https://openalex.org/W2568772110","https://openalex.org/W2588609683","https://openalex.org/W2590414250","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2599379624","https://openalex.org/W2605165679","https://openalex.org/W2608659040","https://openalex.org/W2614058795","https://openalex.org/W2623587395","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2626588362","https://openalex.org/W2626970695","https://openalex.org/W2678047256","https://openalex.org/W2727307896","https://openalex.org/W2730544712","https://openalex.org/W2734656253","https://openalex.org/W2735723457","https://openalex.org/W2736305332","https://openalex.org/W2739995208","https://openalex.org/W2741931273","https://openalex.org/W2743843812","https://openalex.org/W2752709647","https://openalex.org/W2755939422","https://openalex.org/W2765197758","https://openalex.org/W2765233355","https://openalex.org/W2765415303","https://openalex.org/W2765629046","https://openalex.org/W2766103888","https://openalex.org/W2766256095","https://openalex.org/W2766304518","https://openalex.org/W2766979722","https://openalex.org/W2767149267","https://openalex.org/W2786070938","https://openalex.org/W2790284307","https://openalex.org/W2790601868","https://openalex.org/W2792714596","https://openalex.org/W2797816609","https://openalex.org/W2799650895","https://openalex.org/W2800102422","https://openalex.org/W2806161436","https://openalex.org/W2808626989","https://openalex.org/W2810152005","https://openalex.org/W2811093959","https://openalex.org/W2857842505","https://openalex.org/W2888442703","https://openalex.org/W2888857789","https://openalex.org/W2896167869","https://openalex.org/W2896225285","https://openalex.org/W2897708328","https://openalex.org/W2898575181","https://openalex.org/W2898779897","https://openalex.org/W2903734052","https://openalex.org/W2903797322","https://openalex.org/W2903813365","https://openalex.org/W2904001923","https://openalex.org/W2905123056","https://openalex.org/W2905207581","https://openalex.org/W2905243000","https://openalex.org/W2914872136","https://openalex.org/W2944523811","https://openalex.org/W2950865323","https://openalex.org/W2962883027","https://openalex.org/W2963035503","https://openalex.org/W2963321050","https://openalex.org/W2963818120","https://openalex.org/W2964050982","https://openalex.org/W3106445841","https://openalex.org/W3142930705","https://openalex.org/W4237524159","https://openalex.org/W4240230592","https://openalex.org/W4243452586","https://openalex.org/W4243947286","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W4250478701","https://openalex.org/W4254691308","https://openalex.org/W6628088091","https://openalex.org/W6628372318","https://openalex.org/W6628978358","https://openalex.org/W6632151979","https://openalex.org/W6636309336","https://openalex.org/W6637768497","https://openalex.org/W6645046548","https://openalex.org/W6649948755","https://openalex.org/W6717080717","https://openalex.org/W6728312628","https://openalex.org/W6730086726","https://openalex.org/W6735636592","https://openalex.org/W6736163905","https://openalex.org/W6737821294","https://openalex.org/W6740539664","https://openalex.org/W6740851375","https://openalex.org/W6745392337","https://openalex.org/W6745991826","https://openalex.org/W6755828470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108946947","https://openalex.org/W2337102067","https://openalex.org/W4302338237","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W4297093186","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W4386004629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"are":[1,18],"living":[2],"in":[3,150,166],"a":[4,72,122,135],"world":[5],"where":[6],"massive":[7],"end":[8,68,111],"devices":[9,17],"perform":[10,48],"computing":[11,58,94,99],"everywhere":[12],"and":[13,23,36,116,175,213,218,226],"everyday.":[14],"However,":[15],"these":[16],"constrained":[19],"by":[20],"the":[21,27,52,61,78,90,101,104,107,147,160,198,224],"battery":[22],"computational":[24,43],"resources.":[25],"With":[26],"increasing":[28],"number":[29],"of":[30,81,92,106,124,168,200],"intelligent":[31],"applications":[32],"(e.g.,":[33,210],"augmented":[34],"reality":[35],"face":[37],"recognition)":[38],"that":[39,155,191],"require":[40],"much":[41],"more":[42],"power,":[44],"they":[45],"shift":[46],"to":[47,51,71,103,110],"computation":[49,125,164],"offloading":[50,126,165],"cloud,":[53],"known":[54],"as":[55,75,77,194,204],"mobile":[56],"cloud":[57,62,102,219],"(MCC).":[59],"Unfortunately,":[60],"is":[63,95,121],"usually":[64],"far":[65],"away":[66],"from":[67],"devices,":[69],"leading":[70],"high":[73,117],"latency":[74,115],"well":[76],"bad":[79],"quality":[80],"experience":[82],"(QoE)":[83],"for":[84,181,197],"latency-sensitive":[85],"applications.":[86],"In":[87,130],"this":[88,131,139,157],"context,":[89],"emergence":[91],"edge":[93,105,128,151,182,201],"no":[96],"coincidence.":[97],"Edge":[98],"extends":[100],"network,":[108],"close":[109],"users,":[112],"bringing":[113],"ultra-low":[114],"bandwidth.":[118],"Consequently,":[119],"there":[120],"trend":[123],"toward":[127],"computing.":[129,152,183],"paper,":[132],"we":[133,142,185,192,222],"provide":[134],"comprehensive":[136],"perspective":[137],"on":[138,154,163],"trend.":[140],"First,":[141],"give":[143],"an":[144],"insight":[145],"into":[146],"architecture":[148],"refactoring":[149],"Based":[153],"insight,":[156],"paper":[158],"reviews":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"research":[162,228],"terms":[167],"application":[169,189],"partitioning,":[170],"task":[171],"allocation,":[172],"resource":[173],"management,":[174],"distributed":[176],"execution,":[177],"with":[178],"highlighting":[179],"features":[180],"Then,":[184],"illustrate":[186],"some":[187],"disruptive":[188],"scenarios":[190],"envision":[193],"critical":[195],"drivers":[196],"flourish":[199],"computing,":[202],"such":[203],"real-time":[205],"video":[206],"analytics,":[207],"smart":[208,211,214],"\u201cthings\u201d":[209],"city":[212],"home),":[215],"vehicle":[216],"applications,":[217],"gaming.":[220],"Finally,":[221],"discuss":[223],"opportunities":[225],"future":[227],"directions.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
