{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2738912946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2017.2723561","title":"Fuel Cell Power Systems and Applications","display_name":"Fuel Cell Power Systems and Applications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2738912946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2017.2723561","mag":"2738912946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2017.2723561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2017.2723561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050241247","display_name":"Jih\u2010Sheng Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jih-Sheng Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110441135","display_name":"Michael W. Ellis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael W. Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050241247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95180799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"11","first_page":"2166","last_page":"2190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Advanced battery technologies research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6232863664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.6006304025650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics","display_name":"Power electronics","score":0.58040452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.49327200651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-power-unit","display_name":"Auxiliary power unit","score":0.4814721643924713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cogeneration","display_name":"Cogeneration","score":0.44864919781684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44838500022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43053358793258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4220137298107147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4195288121700287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4150514304637909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4142796993255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-network","display_name":"Electrical network","score":0.41059333086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3553656041622162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.32720309495925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1872747838497162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6232863664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.6006304025650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.58040452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49327200651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161511644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908333","display_name":"Auxiliary power unit","level":3,"score":0.4814721643924713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776756539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221620","display_name":"Cogeneration","level":4,"score":0.44864919781684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44838500022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43053358793258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4220137298107147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4195288121700287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4150514304637909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4142796993255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.41059333086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3553656041622162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.32720309495925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1872747838497162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2017.2723561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2017.2723561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":164,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37694127","https://openalex.org/W91045018","https://openalex.org/W206841121","https://openalex.org/W317363797","https://openalex.org/W425177733","https://openalex.org/W577862808","https://openalex.org/W584403731","https://openalex.org/W657417813","https://openalex.org/W1502109385","https://openalex.org/W1510032214","https://openalex.org/W1544473663","https://openalex.org/W1555184222","https://openalex.org/W1584927252","https://openalex.org/W1587698238","https://openalex.org/W1593365688","https://openalex.org/W1680138613","https://openalex.org/W1892603142","https://openalex.org/W1893004905","https://openalex.org/W1912670127","https://openalex.org/W1936430767","https://openalex.org/W1950802636","https://openalex.org/W1953059039","https://openalex.org/W1953477381","https://openalex.org/W1963566328","https://openalex.org/W1967458057","https://openalex.org/W1969219253","https://openalex.org/W1969608558","https://openalex.org/W1972071282","https://openalex.org/W1981290662","https://openalex.org/W1990325585","https://openalex.org/W1992151374","https://openalex.org/W1995460292","https://openalex.org/W1998686640","https://openalex.org/W1999251537","https://openalex.org/W2001435828","https://openalex.org/W2004256079","https://openalex.org/W2006565215","https://openalex.org/W2009484349","https://openalex.org/W2010220306","https://openalex.org/W2010786472","https://openalex.org/W2010814579","https://openalex.org/W2022371352","https://openalex.org/W2022985283","https://openalex.org/W2027598064","https://openalex.org/W2027963117","https://openalex.org/W2029869876","https://openalex.org/W2030741127","https://openalex.org/W2030975911","https://openalex.org/W2036945186","https://openalex.org/W2037637851","https://openalex.org/W2042793749","https://openalex.org/W2044991188","https://openalex.org/W2048654092","https://openalex.org/W2054819097","https://openalex.org/W2054951056","https://openalex.org/W2056556916","https://openalex.org/W2060807511","https://openalex.org/W2061127525","https://openalex.org/W2072340659","https://openalex.org/W2073166253","https://openalex.org/W2074207002","https://openalex.org/W2076401844","https://openalex.org/W2077457927","https://openalex.org/W2080189770","https://openalex.org/W2082442236","https://openalex.org/W2084614570","https://openalex.org/W2085020302","https://openalex.org/W2087285695","https://openalex.org/W2093012391","https://openalex.org/W2094255943","https://openalex.org/W2095117869","https://openalex.org/W2098556032","https://openalex.org/W2099506463","https://openalex.org/W2099754983","https://openalex.org/W2100100522","https://openalex.org/W2100266178","https://openalex.org/W2100618936","https://openalex.org/W2101776862","https://openalex.org/W2101933028","https://openalex.org/W2104910888","https://openalex.org/W2110630904","https://openalex.org/W2110789424","https://openalex.org/W2111311558","https://openalex.org/W2111480963","https://openalex.org/W2114883930","https://openalex.org/W2116305819","https://openalex.org/W2118695196","https://openalex.org/W2120205360","https://openalex.org/W2120701689","https://openalex.org/W2122605526","https://openalex.org/W2125928333","https://openalex.org/W2129383973","https://openalex.org/W2132507820","https://openalex.org/W2133491119","https://openalex.org/W2134863363","https://openalex.org/W2135162930","https://openalex.org/W2135312829","https://openalex.org/W2135466840","https://openalex.org/W2136451214","https://openalex.org/W2138762112","https://openalex.org/W2138802119","https://openalex.org/W2141459684","https://openalex.org/W2142042118","https://openalex.org/W2142659261","https://openalex.org/W2145393941","https://openalex.org/W2145886791","https://openalex.org/W2147345509","https://openalex.org/W2148289842","https://openalex.org/W2153262419","https://openalex.org/W2155340657","https://openalex.org/W2159742940","https://openalex.org/W2160357719","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2160900094","https://openalex.org/W2162768731","https://openalex.org/W2164008457","https://openalex.org/W2164332029","https://openalex.org/W2165673333","https://openalex.org/W2166072547","https://openalex.org/W2167277420","https://openalex.org/W2167797573","https://openalex.org/W2169581576","https://openalex.org/W2179315883","https://openalex.org/W2179408559","https://openalex.org/W2184569524","https://openalex.org/W2198257316","https://openalex.org/W2233079379","https://openalex.org/W2293702042","https://openalex.org/W2310167302","https://openalex.org/W2331534115","https://openalex.org/W2331587998","https://openalex.org/W2401112330","https://openalex.org/W2460244761","https://openalex.org/W2473217396","https://openalex.org/W2551982500","https://openalex.org/W2554962641","https://openalex.org/W2589005679","https://openalex.org/W2970631479","https://openalex.org/W3098597239","https://openalex.org/W3141456309","https://openalex.org/W3149003925","https://openalex.org/W4229976411","https://openalex.org/W4231386967","https://openalex.org/W4233539232","https://openalex.org/W4255041433","https://openalex.org/W4288009708","https://openalex.org/W4302344298","https://openalex.org/W4307579561","https://openalex.org/W6608476265","https://openalex.org/W6630517263","https://openalex.org/W6632581202","https://openalex.org/W6639502113","https://openalex.org/W6640756670","https://openalex.org/W6640913223","https://openalex.org/W6641097776","https://openalex.org/W6668707788","https://openalex.org/W6674683462","https://openalex.org/W6679955286","https://openalex.org/W6683760700","https://openalex.org/W6684237353","https://openalex.org/W6718889102","https://openalex.org/W6721125988","https://openalex.org/W6845549949","https://openalex.org/W6846962393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998119461","https://openalex.org/W2359988301","https://openalex.org/W2601500142","https://openalex.org/W2495363594","https://openalex.org/W2026819434","https://openalex.org/W1535035594","https://openalex.org/W2522673987","https://openalex.org/W93004457","https://openalex.org/W1964989542","https://openalex.org/W115595012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fuel":[0],"cell":[1,32,40,62,118,158],"power":[2,48,107,130],"systems":[3,24,84,111],"offer":[4],"a":[5,35,60,104,136,156,160],"unique":[6],"combination":[7],"of":[8,21,38,59,68,75,82,98,138,142,168,172],"high":[9],"efficiency,":[10],"wide":[11],"size":[12],"range,":[13],"modularity,":[14],"and":[15,71,77,87,128,159],"compatibility":[16],"with":[17,122,135],"cogeneration.":[18],"The":[19,153],"development":[20],"complete":[22],"energy":[23],"that":[25,145],"realize":[26],"the":[27,46,56,65,79,95,99,116,139,169],"benefits":[28],"offered":[29],"by":[30],"fuel":[31,39,61,69,100,117,157],"technology":[33],"requires":[34],"basic":[36,57],"understanding":[37],"system":[41,150],"components":[42],"as":[43,45],"well":[44],"associated":[47],"electronics":[49],"for":[50,114,126,149],"different":[51,66],"applications.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"explains":[55],"characteristics":[58,97],"system,":[63],"describes":[64],"types":[67],"cells":[70],"their":[72],"current":[73],"state":[74],"development,":[76],"discusses":[78],"potential":[80],"application":[81],"these":[83],"to":[85,94],"transportation":[86],"stationary":[88],"power.":[89],"Particular":[90],"emphasis":[91],"is":[92,103,165],"given":[93,134],"electrical":[96,119],"cell,":[101],"which":[102],"relatively":[105],"stiff":[106],"source.":[108],"Power":[109],"electronic":[110],"are":[112,133],"essential":[113],"making":[115],"output":[120],"compatible":[121],"most":[123],"loads.":[124],"Options":[125],"dc-dc":[127],"dc-ac":[129],"conversion":[131],"circuits":[132],"discussion":[137],"distinct":[140],"features":[141],"each":[143],"circuit":[144],"can":[146],"be":[147],"used":[148],"planning":[151],"purposes.":[152],"interaction":[154],"between":[155],"single-phase":[161],"ac":[162],"inverter":[163],"load":[164],"highlighted":[166],"because":[167],"widespread":[170],"applicability":[171],"this":[173],"particular":[174],"combination.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}