{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2549247823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2617870","title":"Application of Direct Metal Laser Sintering to Waveguide-Based Passive Microwave Components, Antennas, and Antenna Arrays","display_name":"Application of Direct Metal Laser Sintering to Waveguide-Based Passive Microwave Components, Antennas, and Antenna Arrays","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2549247823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2617870","mag":"2549247823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2617870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2617870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109338098","display_name":"Tan\u2010Huat Chio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tan-Huat Chio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073232072","display_name":"Guan\u2010Long Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-8266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Long Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075162335","display_name":"Shi-Gang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-6678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Gang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109338098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93643509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"4","first_page":"632","last_page":"644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-metal-laser-sintering","display_name":"Direct metal laser sintering","score":0.9591140747070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroforming","display_name":"Electroforming","score":0.6202552914619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6174092292785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5806581377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slotted-waveguide","display_name":"Slotted waveguide","score":0.5051551461219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.47253134846687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.46228504180908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazing","display_name":"Brazing","score":0.4461907148361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.40358155965805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4026974141597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.36281818151474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.2982376217842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.27268868684768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24332061409950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1985791027545929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.1136062741279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alloy","display_name":"Alloy","score":0.09426078200340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.09226694703102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07994052767753601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775868795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428412","display_name":"Direct metal laser sintering","level":3,"score":0.9591140747070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137808972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358014","display_name":"Electroforming","level":3,"score":0.6202552914619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6174092292785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5806581377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779957024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slotted waveguide","level":5,"score":0.5051551461219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.47253134846687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.46228504180908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86171150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13389141","display_name":"Brazing","level":3,"score":0.4461907148361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.40358155965805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4026974141597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.36281818151474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.2982376217842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27268868684768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24332061409950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1985791027545929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1136062741279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.09426078200340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.09226694703102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07994052767753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2617870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2617870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W932454865","https://openalex.org/W1558161653","https://openalex.org/W1771912175","https://openalex.org/W1899978738","https://openalex.org/W1904701391","https://openalex.org/W1932917200","https://openalex.org/W1970955240","https://openalex.org/W1981943924","https://openalex.org/W2005055198","https://openalex.org/W2054445244","https://openalex.org/W2058886950","https://openalex.org/W2080937172","https://openalex.org/W2098459033","https://openalex.org/W2104328436","https://openalex.org/W2118233512","https://openalex.org/W2120416962","https://openalex.org/W2121162395","https://openalex.org/W2125729235","https://openalex.org/W2144411727","https://openalex.org/W2146889657","https://openalex.org/W2151176216","https://openalex.org/W2171701889","https://openalex.org/W2200840579","https://openalex.org/W2313960699","https://openalex.org/W2324464036","https://openalex.org/W2548823405","https://openalex.org/W2576871218","https://openalex.org/W2584325013","https://openalex.org/W2585046688","https://openalex.org/W3135535504","https://openalex.org/W4242994732","https://openalex.org/W6633471445","https://openalex.org/W6732126155","https://openalex.org/W6732962117","https://openalex.org/W6792254544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367291891","https://openalex.org/W3144754504","https://openalex.org/W1996379903","https://openalex.org/W2072663568","https://openalex.org/W3104633542","https://openalex.org/W2358786344","https://openalex.org/W2347451060","https://openalex.org/W2032166203","https://openalex.org/W2489499564","https://openalex.org/W3200235617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Direct":[0],"metal":[1,12,26],"laser":[2],"sintering":[3,13],"(DMLS),":[4],"sometimes":[5],"used":[6,73],"interchangeably":[7],"with":[8],"the":[9,33,66,114,117,122],"term":[10],"direct":[11],"(DMS),":[14],"is":[15],"an":[16],"additive":[17],"manufacturing":[18],"(AM)":[19],"technique":[20],"of":[21,35,116,124],"synthesizing":[22],"metallic":[23],"parts":[24],"from":[25],"alloy":[27],"powder.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"looks":[31],"at":[32,80,82],"application":[34],"DMLS":[36,118,144,163],"to":[37,55,92,135,146,164,177],"waveguide-based":[38,51,125],"passive":[39],"microwave":[40,155,169],"components,":[41],"antennas,":[42],"and":[43,53,57,84,90,103,113,127,171],"antenna":[44,157],"arrays.":[45],"Communication":[46],"or":[47,156,179],"radar":[48],"systems":[49],"use":[50],"components":[52,126,170],"antennas":[54,128,172],"transport":[56],"manipulate":[58],"radio-frequency":[59],"(RF)":[60],"power":[61],"because":[62,86],"they":[63,70,87],"are":[64,71,88,105,132,174],"arguably":[65],"most":[67],"efficient.":[68],"However,":[69],"mostly":[72],"only":[74],"in":[75],"selected":[76],"high-performance":[77],"systems,":[78],"especially":[79],"frequencies":[81],"X-band":[83],"Ku-band,":[85],"costly":[89],"difficult":[91,134,176],"fabricate":[93,136,178],"as":[94,129,143],"specialized":[95],"processes":[96],"like":[97],"dip":[98],"brazing,":[99],"electron":[100],"beam":[101],"welding,":[102],"electroforming":[104],"needed":[106],"for":[107],"making":[108],"complicated":[109],"parts.":[110],"The":[111],"advent":[112],"maturing":[115],"technology":[119],"may":[120],"revive":[121],"fortunes":[123],"designs":[130],"that":[131,153,173],"previously":[133,175],"can":[137,159],"be":[138],"now":[139,160],"easily":[140],"handled.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"continues":[145],"become":[147],"more":[148],"affordable,":[149],"its":[150],"versatility":[151],"means":[152],"a":[154],"engineer":[158],"leverage":[161],"on":[162],"design":[165],"very":[166],"efficient":[167],"novel":[168],"not":[180],"even":[181],"practical":[182],"previously.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}