{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035058451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2578303","title":"Spintronic Sensors","display_name":"Spintronic Sensors","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035058451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2578303","mag":"3035058451"},"language":"lv","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2578303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2578303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028180730","display_name":"P. P. Freitas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0015-1186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141319","display_name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv3aq25","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulo P. Freitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046758034","display_name":"Ricardo Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-2225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141319","display_name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv3aq25","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073937337","display_name":"Susana Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-6529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109601","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias","ror":"https://ror.org/022mzwp71","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109601","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, INESC-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies (INESC-MN), Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-6529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, INESC-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies (INESC-MN), Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109601"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028180730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96321992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"10","first_page":"1894","last_page":"1918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12510","display_name":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giant-magnetoresistance","display_name":"Giant magnetoresistance","score":0.8199101090431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spintronics","display_name":"Spintronics","score":0.8165409564971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistance","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","score":0.7831528186798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biasing","display_name":"Biasing","score":0.5927547812461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4887363910675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4577857255935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4512738585472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44537925720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43808218836784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.38251665234565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3193528950214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31857001781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.28007936477661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2554647922515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.16849973797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferromagnetism","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","score":0.13936126232147217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84154488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58353","display_name":"Giant magnetoresistance","level":4,"score":0.8199101090431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207999682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258659","display_name":"Spintronics","level":3,"score":0.8165409564971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117958382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58347","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","level":3,"score":0.7831528186798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.5927547812461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4887363910675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4577857255935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4512738585472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44537925720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43808218836784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.38251665234565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3193528950214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31857001781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.28007936477661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2554647922515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.16849973797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.13936126232147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2578303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2578303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524690763","https://openalex.org/W1569304604","https://openalex.org/W1882497716","https://openalex.org/W1965098591","https://openalex.org/W1965245884","https://openalex.org/W1970327584","https://openalex.org/W1980943750","https://openalex.org/W1996418689","https://openalex.org/W1997251786","https://openalex.org/W2004758457","https://openalex.org/W2010315360","https://openalex.org/W2014454613","https://openalex.org/W2016909809","https://openalex.org/W2017606354","https://openalex.org/W2017933578","https://openalex.org/W2023540242","https://openalex.org/W2025570000","https://openalex.org/W2027163423","https://openalex.org/W2029210868","https://openalex.org/W2038767952","https://openalex.org/W2046355855","https://openalex.org/W2048297922","https://openalex.org/W2048722160","https://openalex.org/W2063236280","https://openalex.org/W2065092944","https://openalex.org/W2071828710","https://openalex.org/W2072232141","https://openalex.org/W2077767829","https://openalex.org/W2078624407","https://openalex.org/W2079645301","https://openalex.org/W2080659521","https://openalex.org/W2085880429","https://openalex.org/W2086112162","https://openalex.org/W2088752747","https://openalex.org/W2088784141","https://openalex.org/W2088797290","https://openalex.org/W2090820820","https://openalex.org/W2093696249","https://openalex.org/W2096445739","https://openalex.org/W2103739658","https://openalex.org/W2108939055","https://openalex.org/W2115918673","https://openalex.org/W2117752450","https://openalex.org/W2120527290","https://openalex.org/W2128374595","https://openalex.org/W2131180250","https://openalex.org/W2138993997","https://openalex.org/W2140831206","https://openalex.org/W2143544323","https://openalex.org/W2148770102","https://openalex.org/W2155391274","https://openalex.org/W2156323378","https://openalex.org/W2163100395","https://openalex.org/W2166213615","https://openalex.org/W3102587923","https://openalex.org/W4249123797","https://openalex.org/W4253864062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994548658","https://openalex.org/W2044926968","https://openalex.org/W2481514247","https://openalex.org/W2504360922","https://openalex.org/W2158109947","https://openalex.org/W1984153363","https://openalex.org/W4318325366","https://openalex.org/W2152278545","https://openalex.org/W1563493125","https://openalex.org/W2003576128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"how":[3],"magnetoresistive":[4,17,21],"materials":[5],"can":[6,23],"be":[7],"optimized":[8],"and":[9,19,47],"integrated":[10],"in":[11],"magnetic":[12],"field":[13,41],"sensor":[14],"devices.":[15],"Giant":[16],"(GMR)":[18],"tunnel":[20],"(TMR)":[22],"provide":[24],"advantageous":[25],"solutions":[26],"for":[27],"a":[28],"wide":[29],"range":[30],"of":[31,33],"applications,":[32],"which":[34],"some":[35],"are":[36,50],"described":[37],"here.":[38],"Considerations":[39],"on":[40],"sensitivities,":[42],"intrinsic":[43],"noise":[44],"mechanisms,":[45],"biasing,":[46],"integration":[48],"schemes":[49],"presented.":[51]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-06-19T00:00:00"}