{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2328430807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2521712","title":"Spin-Transfer Torque Memories: Devices, Circuits, and Systems","display_name":"Spin-Transfer Torque Memories: Devices, Circuits, and Systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2328430807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2521712","mag":"2328430807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2521712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2521712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085588788","display_name":"Xuanyao Fong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanyao Fong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688825","display_name":"Yusung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Design, Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Design, Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045219356","display_name":"Rangharajan Venkatesan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rangharajan Venkatesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA Research, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA Research, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069157327","display_name":"Sri Harsha Choday","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sri Harsha Choday","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065766721","display_name":"Anand Raghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031161187","display_name":"Kaushik Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-9695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98956517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"7","first_page":"1449","last_page":"1488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-transfer-torque","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","score":0.7779257297515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.6710020899772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5476089119911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5191373229026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5165025591850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4387734532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.42736032605171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.41809216141700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4147057831287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3695472478866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31936055421829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.30348700284957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.1803608536720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.13041004538536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization","display_name":"Magnetization","score":0.10611605644226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09368064999580383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C609986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844840","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","level":4,"score":0.7779257297515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.6710020899772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5476089119911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5191373229026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5165025591850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4387734532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.42736032605171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.41809216141700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4147057831287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3695472478866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31936055421829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30348700284957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.1803608536720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.13041004538536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.10611605644226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09368064999580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2521712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2521712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/156191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/156191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Elements","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308258","display_name":"Qualcomm","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":272,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48126667","https://openalex.org/W1491029800","https://openalex.org/W1505400302","https://openalex.org/W1512315248","https://openalex.org/W1527526337","https://openalex.org/W1539730076","https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1598140169","https://openalex.org/W1599561009","https://openalex.org/W1607576514","https://openalex.org/W1964044001","https://openalex.org/W1964443486","https://openalex.org/W1964504828","https://openalex.org/W1964639445","https://openalex.org/W1964670943","https://openalex.org/W1965013098","https://openalex.org/W1965063254","https://openalex.org/W1965245884","https://openalex.org/W1965304117","https://openalex.org/W1966107427","https://openalex.org/W1966130899","https://openalex.org/W1967547265","https://openalex.org/W1967575124","https://openalex.org/W1968686941","https://openalex.org/W1968727177","https://openalex.org/W1968813345","https://openalex.org/W1970094457","https://openalex.org/W1971543343","https://openalex.org/W1972841535","https://openalex.org/W1973459854","https://openalex.org/W1975904824","https://openalex.org/W1976565216","https://openalex.org/W1976915281","https://openalex.org/W1977595782","https://openalex.org/W1977755618","https://openalex.org/W1978047040","https://openalex.org/W1978910126","https://openalex.org/W1979196065","https://openalex.org/W1979534490","https://openalex.org/W1980459528","https://openalex.org/W1981443800","https://openalex.org/W1983078602","https://openalex.org/W1983562124","https://openalex.org/W1984355956","https://openalex.org/W1985841039","https://openalex.org/W1987333237","https://openalex.org/W1987677844","https://openalex.org/W1988431200","https://openalex.org/W1988772529","https://openalex.org/W1990313455","https://openalex.org/W1991813033","https://openalex.org/W1992191705","https://openalex.org/W1992775315","https://openalex.org/W1995771228","https://openalex.org/W1996418689","https://openalex.org/W1997971931","https://openalex.org/W1999802284","https://openalex.org/W2000777532","https://openalex.org/W2000901835","https://openalex.org/W2003671162","https://openalex.org/W2004596214","https://openalex.org/W2005173324","https://openalex.org/W2005242923","https://openalex.org/W2005355664","https://openalex.org/W2005714059","https://openalex.org/W2009481135","https://openalex.org/W2010419277","https://openalex.org/W2010561573","https://openalex.org/W2010704774","https://openalex.org/W2013367563","https://openalex.org/W2013376634","https://openalex.org/W2013628892","https://openalex.org/W2013984675","https://openalex.org/W2014744284","https://openalex.org/W2014895289","https://openalex.org/W2014987330","https://openalex.org/W2016568186","https://openalex.org/W2018113133","https://openalex.org/W2018559522","https://openalex.org/W2019945763","https://openalex.org/W2022810388","https://openalex.org/W2023580301","https://openalex.org/W2023843698","https://openalex.org/W2026225089","https://openalex.org/W2028712544","https://openalex.org/W2030355727","https://openalex.org/W2033072452","https://openalex.org/W2033218087","https://openalex.org/W2034097727","https://openalex.org/W2035925590","https://openalex.org/W2037626369","https://openalex.org/W2037861334","https://openalex.org/W2038011252","https://openalex.org/W2038170692","https://openalex.org/W2038941060","https://openalex.org/W2039780806","https://openalex.org/W2042076387","https://openalex.org/W2042147384","https://openalex.org/W2043072234","https://openalex.org/W2043957422","https://openalex.org/W2046073664","https://openalex.org/W2047202013","https://openalex.org/W2047379549","https://openalex.org/W2048189742","https://openalex.org/W2048344562","https://openalex.org/W2048592125","https://openalex.org/W2048803031","https://openalex.org/W2048816704","https://openalex.org/W2048832606","https://openalex.org/W2049409505","https://openalex.org/W2050565026","https://openalex.org/W2050628119","https://openalex.org/W2050870805","https://openalex.org/W2052391539","https://openalex.org/W2052654925","https://openalex.org/W2053162526","https://openalex.org/W2053850916","https://openalex.org/W2054164060","https://openalex.org/W2055888907","https://openalex.org/W2055928539","https://openalex.org/W2056858041","https://openalex.org/W2057132064","https://openalex.org/W2057343081","https://openalex.org/W2057386187","https://openalex.org/W2059315052","https://openalex.org/W2059927838","https://openalex.org/W2060798601","https://openalex.org/W2061611014","https://openalex.org/W2063219138","https://openalex.org/W2064221621","https://openalex.org/W2064977311","https://openalex.org/W2065215578","https://openalex.org/W2065494245","https://openalex.org/W2065778655","https://openalex.org/W2066190905","https://openalex.org/W2066712022","https://openalex.org/W2067005125","https://openalex.org/W2067361361","https://openalex.org/W2068896528","https://openalex.org/W2069368591","https://openalex.org/W2069510906","https://openalex.org/W2070584461","https://openalex.org/W2072464543","https://openalex.org/W2072813874","https://openalex.org/W2072816445","https://openalex.org/W2074558403","https://openalex.org/W2075205314","https://openalex.org/W2075787794","https://openalex.org/W2077814742","https://openalex.org/W2078760460","https://openalex.org/W2081024396","https://openalex.org/W2082517068","https://openalex.org/W2082852430","https://openalex.org/W2083945164","https://openalex.org/W2084007230","https://openalex.org/W2084202439","https://openalex.org/W2084515045","https://openalex.org/W2086077121","https://openalex.org/W2086784764","https://openalex.org/W2087461437","https://openalex.org/W2087556742","https://openalex.org/W2088797290","https://openalex.org/W2089301809","https://openalex.org/W2090549658","https://openalex.org/W2093860851","https://openalex.org/W2096199318","https://openalex.org/W2096445739","https://openalex.org/W2096470311","https://openalex.org/W2101717804","https://openalex.org/W2102209351","https://openalex.org/W2104407538","https://openalex.org/W2104500100","https://openalex.org/W2105401464","https://openalex.org/W2106346024","https://openalex.org/W2106450710","https://openalex.org/W2106738517","https://openalex.org/W2108048675","https://openalex.org/W2109272991","https://openalex.org/W2111083335","https://openalex.org/W2111435398","https://openalex.org/W2113809410","https://openalex.org/W2116826022","https://openalex.org/W2118810056","https://openalex.org/W2120699192","https://openalex.org/W2123039644","https://openalex.org/W2123618453","https://openalex.org/W2125906822","https://openalex.org/W2127419525","https://openalex.org/W2131964951","https://openalex.org/W2135965268","https://openalex.org/W2136316949","https://openalex.org/W2136491057","https://openalex.org/W2136800915","https://openalex.org/W2139620825","https://openalex.org/W2140225380","https://openalex.org/W2140392630","https://openalex.org/W2142276919","https://openalex.org/W2142715748","https://openalex.org/W2143910911","https://openalex.org/W2144896327","https://openalex.org/W2145030123","https://openalex.org/W2148003211","https://openalex.org/W2149129840","https://openalex.org/W2150047813","https://openalex.org/W2150854687","https://openalex.org/W2151810376","https://openalex.org/W2152879784","https://openalex.org/W2153158393","https://openalex.org/W2153826642","https://openalex.org/W2154553951","https://openalex.org/W2155551886","https://openalex.org/W2156159026","https://openalex.org/W2156507858","https://openalex.org/W2156728623","https://openalex.org/W2157487804","https://openalex.org/W2160539281","https://openalex.org/W2160796815","https://openalex.org/W2162474888","https://openalex.org/W2163348376","https://openalex.org/W2165804636","https://openalex.org/W2166311875","https://openalex.org/W2171779727","https://openalex.org/W2188761345","https://openalex.org/W2214682759","https://openalex.org/W2219963777","https://openalex.org/W2275312256","https://openalex.org/W2321339000","https://openalex.org/W2327150258","https://openalex.org/W2335269333","https://openalex.org/W2486363731","https://openalex.org/W2540329078","https://openalex.org/W2626765552","https://openalex.org/W2975492176","https://openalex.org/W2996954354","https://openalex.org/W3098517937","https://openalex.org/W3100496121","https://openalex.org/W3103339143","https://openalex.org/W3105106113","https://openalex.org/W3105284836","https://openalex.org/W3106117604","https://openalex.org/W3142815259","https://openalex.org/W3143740944","https://openalex.org/W3144904247","https://openalex.org/W3145738314","https://openalex.org/W3147620158","https://openalex.org/W3151260619","https://openalex.org/W3152241699","https://openalex.org/W4230661076","https://openalex.org/W4231378725","https://openalex.org/W4232904232","https://openalex.org/W4239242923","https://openalex.org/W4240165677","https://openalex.org/W4240839437","https://openalex.org/W4245080405","https://openalex.org/W4252811018","https://openalex.org/W4252928568","https://openalex.org/W4254159549","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635732093","https://openalex.org/W6650147763","https://openalex.org/W6651239023","https://openalex.org/W6653095984","https://openalex.org/W6653756332","https://openalex.org/W6670506355","https://openalex.org/W6675815728","https://openalex.org/W6680320015","https://openalex.org/W6682415631","https://openalex.org/W6682854596","https://openalex.org/W6682917345","https://openalex.org/W6683132901","https://openalex.org/W6687026183","https://openalex.org/W6728832053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388285079","https://openalex.org/W2546997659","https://openalex.org/W2733919783","https://openalex.org/W2425808153","https://openalex.org/W2404332818","https://openalex.org/W4281561022","https://openalex.org/W2188761345","https://openalex.org/W3006384944","https://openalex.org/W393693633","https://openalex.org/W60430064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spin-transfer":[0],"torque":[1],"magnetic":[2],"memory":[3,48],"(STT-MRAM)":[4],"has":[5],"gained":[6],"significant":[7],"research":[8],"interest":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,39,44],"its":[12],"nonvolatility":[13],"and":[14,26,29,58,79],"zero":[15],"standby":[16],"leakage,":[17],"near":[18],"unlimited":[19],"endurance,":[20],"excellent":[21],"integration":[22],"density,":[23],"acceptable":[24],"read":[25],"write":[27],"performance,":[28],"compatibility":[30],"with":[31,74],"CMOS":[32],"process":[33],"technology.":[34,49],"However,":[35],"several":[36],"obstacles":[37],"need":[38],"be":[40],"overcome":[41],"for":[42,96],"STT-MRAM":[43,57,69,92],"become":[45],"the":[46,54,66,75,91],"universal":[47],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"first":[52],"reviews":[53],"fundamentals":[55],"of":[56,65],"discusses":[59],"key":[60],"experimental":[61],"breakthroughs.":[62],"The":[63,81],"state":[64],"art":[67],"in":[68],"is":[70],"then":[71],"discussed,":[72],"beginning":[73],"device":[76],"design":[77,84],"concepts":[78],"challenges.":[80],"corresponding":[82],"bit-cell":[83],"solutions":[85],"are":[86],"also":[87],"presented,":[88],"followed":[89],"by":[90],"cache":[93],"architectures":[94],"suitable":[95],"on-chip":[97],"applications.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}