{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2309744066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2520678","title":"Technologies and Magnitude of Ancillary Services Provided by Commercial Buildings","display_name":"Technologies and Magnitude of Ancillary Services Provided by Commercial Buildings","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2309744066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2520678","mag":"2309744066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2520678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2520678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440441","display_name":"Young\u2010Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-469X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Energy, Environmental, and Economic Systems Analysis (CEEESA), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Energy, Environmental, and Economic Systems Analysis (CEEESA), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110917799","display_name":"David Blum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David H. Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building Technology Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building Technology Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086830774","display_name":"Nora Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nora Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering System Division in the Institute for Data, Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering System Division in the Institute for Data, Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033480400","display_name":"Leo Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building Technology Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building Technology Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110588236","display_name":"Leslie K. Norford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie K. Norford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building Technology Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building Technology Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100440441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9377605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"4","first_page":"758","last_page":"779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8780351877212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5170641541481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5088694095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-energy-storage","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","score":0.4723580777645111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.46897611021995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4685400724411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.4514254629611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.448998361825943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.44889265298843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power","display_name":"Electric power","score":0.419455885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3848762512207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.33481520414352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32181063294410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.24418678879737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.10637286305427551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8780351877212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5170641541481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5088694095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.4723580777645111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.46897611021995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4685400724411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.4514254629611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.448998361825943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.44889265298843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.419455885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3848762512207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33481520414352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32181063294410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.24418678879737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10637286305427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2520678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2520678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/37180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/37180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5618565410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1038230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W309844825","https://openalex.org/W808163594","https://openalex.org/W1481244969","https://openalex.org/W1483215772","https://openalex.org/W1511871107","https://openalex.org/W1529120132","https://openalex.org/W1693108613","https://openalex.org/W1796343425","https://openalex.org/W1827698314","https://openalex.org/W1834350974","https://openalex.org/W1965051698","https://openalex.org/W1967113958","https://openalex.org/W1988156359","https://openalex.org/W1994923493","https://openalex.org/W2000713618","https://openalex.org/W2013615215","https://openalex.org/W2024425805","https://openalex.org/W2032983117","https://openalex.org/W2033225140","https://openalex.org/W2040611596","https://openalex.org/W2042836918","https://openalex.org/W2045873748","https://openalex.org/W2047456378","https://openalex.org/W2055689268","https://openalex.org/W2074649727","https://openalex.org/W2074941573","https://openalex.org/W2077193386","https://openalex.org/W2077567753","https://openalex.org/W2079007412","https://openalex.org/W2079536685","https://openalex.org/W2080146918","https://openalex.org/W2083260818","https://openalex.org/W2084156013","https://openalex.org/W2090093877","https://openalex.org/W2096703248","https://openalex.org/W2098854737","https://openalex.org/W2101463878","https://openalex.org/W2105848321","https://openalex.org/W2112207116","https://openalex.org/W2130222651","https://openalex.org/W2133597699","https://openalex.org/W2133886886","https://openalex.org/W2140095380","https://openalex.org/W2144011235","https://openalex.org/W2145796971","https://openalex.org/W2146083526","https://openalex.org/W2148610687","https://openalex.org/W2148850199","https://openalex.org/W2158238776","https://openalex.org/W2160327646","https://openalex.org/W2161666560","https://openalex.org/W2168257715","https://openalex.org/W2169156745","https://openalex.org/W2169861676","https://openalex.org/W2172109194","https://openalex.org/W2181491463","https://openalex.org/W2181814701","https://openalex.org/W2184487501","https://openalex.org/W2184891288","https://openalex.org/W2229725825","https://openalex.org/W2331831271","https://openalex.org/W2397399066","https://openalex.org/W2460455176","https://openalex.org/W2500834297","https://openalex.org/W2949090255","https://openalex.org/W3107323053","https://openalex.org/W3143127938","https://openalex.org/W3143389206","https://openalex.org/W4247550945","https://openalex.org/W6630603578","https://openalex.org/W6637407145","https://openalex.org/W6669874529","https://openalex.org/W6686178215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112866972","https://openalex.org/W4240233711","https://openalex.org/W2900606913","https://openalex.org/W4320003279","https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W1997024178","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W4205684936","https://openalex.org/W3021806226","https://openalex.org/W2771815161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Commercial":[0],"buildings":[1,101,143],"increasingly":[2],"include":[3,15,102],"technologies":[4,133,158],"capable":[5],"of":[6,98,112,115,117,124,167,190],"providing":[7],"ancillary":[8,78,146,168],"services":[9,79,85,99,169],"to":[10,27,51,93,144],"electric":[11,28,46],"power":[12,54,67,72,122,207],"grids.":[13],"Features":[14],"thermal":[16,104,110,156],"energy":[17,107],"storage":[18,108,157],"inherent":[19],"in":[20,81,96,141],"building":[21,53,155],"structures":[22],"that":[23,197],"can":[24,60,69],"be":[25,61],"coupled":[26],"grids":[29],"through":[30,56,160],"heating,":[31],"ventilating,":[32],"and":[33,59,105,120,126,134,177,201,206],"air-conditioning":[34],"(HVAC)":[35],"systems":[36,140,173,200],"controlled":[37],"by":[38,100,171],"variable-speed":[39],"drives":[40],"(VSDs).":[41],"In":[42,163],"parking":[43],"garages,":[44],"plug-in":[45],"vehicles":[47],"(PEVs)":[48],"are":[49],"connected":[50],"the":[52,121,165,198],"lines":[55],"charging":[57],"stations":[58],"utilized":[62],"as":[63],"grid":[64,175],"storage.":[65],"System":[66],"electronics":[68],"control":[70,136],"equipment":[71],"demand":[73],"at":[74],"frequencies":[75],"associated":[76],"with":[77],"procured":[80],"electricity":[82,178],"markets,":[83],"where":[84],"dispatch":[86],"over":[87],"time":[88],"scales":[89],"ranging":[90],"from":[91],"hours":[92],"seconds.":[94],"Limitations":[95],"provision":[97],"building-scale":[103],"electrical":[106],"capacities:":[109],"comfort":[111],"occupants,":[113],"state":[114],"charge":[116],"PEV":[118,127],"batteries,":[119],"rating":[123],"VSDs":[125],"chargers.":[128],"This":[129],"paper":[130],"reviews":[131],"available":[132],"necessary":[135],"strategies":[137],"for":[138,154],"HVAC":[139,161,172,199],"commercial":[142],"provide":[145,203],"services.":[147,191],"We":[148,192],"then":[149],"develop":[150],"physically-based":[151],"scaling":[152,189],"metrics":[153],"accessible":[159],"systems.":[162],"addition,":[164],"effect":[166],"provided":[170],"on":[174],"network":[176],"market":[179],"operations":[180],"is":[181],"analyzed":[182],"using":[183],"simulation":[184],"case":[185],"studies,":[186],"incorporating":[187],"magnitude":[188],"finally":[193],"evaluate":[194],"a":[195],"possibility":[196],"PEVs":[202],"three-phase":[204],"voltage":[205],"balance":[208],"regulation":[209],"services,":[210],"respectively.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
