{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345283220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2500024","title":"SiGe HBT Technology: Future Trends and TCAD-Based Roadmap","display_name":"SiGe HBT Technology: Future Trends and TCAD-Based Roadmap","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345283220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2500024","mag":"2345283220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2015.2500024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2500024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035970449","display_name":"M. Schr\u00f6ter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5432-716X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schroter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Electron Devices & Integrated Circuits, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Electron Devices & Integrated Circuits, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039416966","display_name":"Tommy Rosenbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommy Rosenbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Electron Devices & Integrated Circuits, STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Electron Devices & Integrated Circuits, STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024136451","display_name":"P. Chevalier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-9986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Chevalier","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038277569","display_name":"B. Heinemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-1768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92894754","display_name":"Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/0489gab80","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I92894754"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Heinemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHP, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHP, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92894754"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079412475","display_name":"Sorin P. Voinigescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-1970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sorin P. Voinigescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060568548","display_name":"Ed Preisler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ed Preisler","raw_affiliation_strings":["TowerJazz, Newport Beach, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TowerJazz, Newport Beach, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020992698","display_name":"J. B\u00f6ck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Bock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038617147","display_name":"A. Mukherjee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anindya Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Chair for Electron Devices & Integrated Circuits, Technical University of Dresden, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Chair for Electron Devices & Integrated Circuits, Technical University of Dresden, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035970449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":180,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98967342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"6","first_page":"1068","last_page":"1086"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterojunction-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","score":0.8466606140136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-germanium","display_name":"Silicon-germanium","score":0.6288330554962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5973803400993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-roadmap","display_name":"Technology roadmap","score":0.579677164554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.5430320501327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5400242805480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicmos","display_name":"BiCMOS","score":0.5259870886802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-cad","display_name":"Technology CAD","score":0.48393088579177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46741771697998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4673768877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4222240447998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.4187372922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4138500392436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37462157011032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.3657718896865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3145851492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistor","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","score":0.2875962257385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2471228539943695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.24466603994369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon","display_name":"Silicon","score":0.23713970184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.15506309270858765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173408217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428898","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","level":5,"score":0.8466606140136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780389399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367849","display_name":"Silicon-germanium","level":3,"score":0.6288330554962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5973803400993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144097","display_name":"Technology roadmap","level":2,"score":0.579677164554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5430320501327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5400242805480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62427370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173416","display_name":"BiCMOS","level":4,"score":0.5259870886802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34929307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845636","display_name":"Technology CAD","level":3,"score":0.48393088579177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46741771697998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4673768877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4222240447998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.4187372922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4138500392436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37462157011032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.3657718896865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3145851492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23061349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188946","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","level":4,"score":0.2875962257385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2471228539943695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24466603994369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.23713970184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.15506309270858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2015.2500024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2500024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611825407","https://openalex.org/W1541076300","https://openalex.org/W1579741620","https://openalex.org/W1603436218","https://openalex.org/W1971868074","https://openalex.org/W1972432506","https://openalex.org/W1979682176","https://openalex.org/W1989811825","https://openalex.org/W1991710169","https://openalex.org/W1993880472","https://openalex.org/W1999482106","https://openalex.org/W2014208527","https://openalex.org/W2015574677","https://openalex.org/W2018465987","https://openalex.org/W2025963163","https://openalex.org/W2029045741","https://openalex.org/W2034627898","https://openalex.org/W2040805158","https://openalex.org/W2049186916","https://openalex.org/W2053846491","https://openalex.org/W2057263096","https://openalex.org/W2077701112","https://openalex.org/W2077824115","https://openalex.org/W2078749742","https://openalex.org/W2087025463","https://openalex.org/W2091811361","https://openalex.org/W2097294853","https://openalex.org/W2098680011","https://openalex.org/W2110256611","https://openalex.org/W2112730580","https://openalex.org/W2117569832","https://openalex.org/W2120774460","https://openalex.org/W2142390092","https://openalex.org/W2144970115","https://openalex.org/W2146768017","https://openalex.org/W2155488357","https://openalex.org/W2162401692","https://openalex.org/W2162672615","https://openalex.org/W2163167554","https://openalex.org/W2171023381","https://openalex.org/W2171725923","https://openalex.org/W2187400284","https://openalex.org/W2313270571","https://openalex.org/W2476367834","https://openalex.org/W2534489110","https://openalex.org/W2536547981","https://openalex.org/W3214801909","https://openalex.org/W4230198689","https://openalex.org/W4236154283","https://openalex.org/W4299317524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492027935","https://openalex.org/W2140183546","https://openalex.org/W2140681148","https://openalex.org/W2537721720","https://openalex.org/W1943862574","https://openalex.org/W1544173589","https://openalex.org/W2154960098","https://openalex.org/W1586292687","https://openalex.org/W2145182938","https://openalex.org/W2137791713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"technology":[1,28,68,112,172],"roadmap":[2,64,145],"for":[3,55,94,100,131,151,158,173],"the":[4,20,47,51,71,82,88,96,102,120,133,143,167],"electrical":[5,114],"performance":[6,135],"of":[7,22,50,53,75,90,111,166,169],"high-speed":[8],"silicon-germanium":[9],"(SiGe)":[10],"heterojunction":[11],"bipolar":[12],"transistors":[13],"(HBTs)":[14],"is":[15,116,140],"presented":[16,63,144],"based":[17],"on":[18],"combining":[19],"results":[21],"various":[23,91],"1-D,":[24],"2-D,":[25],"and":[26,58,99,108,113,128,153,160,177],"3-D":[27],"computer-aided":[29],"design":[30,85],"(TCAD)":[31],"simulation":[32],"tools":[33],"with":[34,70,119],"geometry":[35],"scalable":[36],"compact":[37],"modeling.":[38],"The":[39,62,124],"latter,":[40],"including":[41],"all":[42],"known":[43],"parasitic":[44],"effects,":[45],"enables":[46],"accurate":[48],"determination":[49],"figures":[52],"merit":[54],"both":[56],"devices":[57],"selected":[59],"benchmark":[60],"circuits.":[61],"defines":[65],"five":[66],"major":[67],"nodes":[69],"maximum":[72],"oscillation":[73],"frequency":[74],"a":[76],"typical":[77],"high-frequency":[78],"device":[79,84],"structure":[80],"as":[81],"main":[83],"target":[86],"under":[87],"constraints":[89],"other":[92],"parameters":[93,115],"generating":[95],"doping":[97],"profiles":[98],"defining":[101],"lateral":[103],"scaling":[104,122],"factors.":[105],"An":[106],"extensive":[107],"consistent":[109],"set":[110],"provided":[117],"along":[118],"obtained":[121],"rules.":[123],"expected":[125],"fabrication-related":[126],"challenges":[127],"possible":[129],"solutions":[130],"achieving":[132],"predicted":[134],"are":[136],"being":[137],"discussed.":[138],"It":[139],"hoped":[141],"that":[142],"will":[146],"be":[147],"useful":[148],"not":[149],"only":[150],"foundries":[152],"equipment":[154],"manufacturers":[155],"but":[156],"also":[157],"circuit":[159],"system":[161],"designers":[162],"enabling":[163],"better":[164],"predictions":[165],"capability":[168],"SiGe-BiCMOS":[170],"process":[171],"new":[174],"millimeter-wave":[175],"(mm-wave)":[176],"terahertz":[178],"(THz)":[179],"applications.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
