{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1528401588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2469602","title":"Broadcasting Into the Uncertainty: Authentication and Confidentiality by Physical-Layer Processing","display_name":"Broadcasting Into the Uncertainty: Authentication and Confidentiality by Physical-Layer Processing","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1528401588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2469602","mag":"1528401588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2015.2469602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2469602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029956964","display_name":"Eduard A. Jorswieck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Jorswieck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Theory group at Communications Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","Commun. Theor. Group, Tech. Univ. Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Theory group at Communications Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commun. Theor. Group, Tech. Univ. Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076790432","display_name":"Stefano Tomasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123571","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rbzf697","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]}],"countries":["FR","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Tomasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information, Engineering (DEI), Huawei Technologies, Padova, France","Dept. of Inf. Eng.-DEI, Univ. of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information, Engineering (DEI), Huawei Technologies, Padova, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. Eng.-DEI, Univ. of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034269994","display_name":"Aydin Sezgin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-2662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aydin Sezgin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Inst. for Digital Commun. Syst., Ruhr Univ. Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. for Digital Commun. Syst., Ruhr Univ. Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.58,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97578453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"10","first_page":"1702","last_page":"1724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7515906095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7394880056381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.6649024486541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5433815121650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5087791085243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.49900174140930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49886202812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.486932635307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.4798992872238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44376662373542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.42421725392341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4042821228504181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2615850567817688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7515906095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7394880056381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.6649024486541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5433815121650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5087791085243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.49900174140930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49886202812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.486932635307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.4798992872238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44376662373542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.42421725392341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4042821228504181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2615850567817688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2015.2469602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2469602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3167996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3167996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10654113","https://openalex.org/W252932944","https://openalex.org/W616589334","https://openalex.org/W949353694","https://openalex.org/W1508697287","https://openalex.org/W1551333318","https://openalex.org/W1551587481","https://openalex.org/W1568096262","https://openalex.org/W1585665690","https://openalex.org/W1595612723","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1675766507","https://openalex.org/W1743965195","https://openalex.org/W1902248004","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1967219667","https://openalex.org/W1973384884","https://openalex.org/W1976071028","https://openalex.org/W1977122751","https://openalex.org/W1977542645","https://openalex.org/W1977802010","https://openalex.org/W1980880491","https://openalex.org/W1984355813","https://openalex.org/W1984973586","https://openalex.org/W1985077192","https://openalex.org/W1986025628","https://openalex.org/W1988653434","https://openalex.org/W1993251926","https://openalex.org/W1994933462","https://openalex.org/W1999881423","https://openalex.org/W2000911299","https://openalex.org/W2001463271","https://openalex.org/W2004043277","https://openalex.org/W2006743045","https://openalex.org/W2006967316","https://openalex.org/W2007529001","https://openalex.org/W2011341708","https://openalex.org/W2011460700","https://openalex.org/W2012298338","https://openalex.org/W2013605702","https://openalex.org/W2025212043","https://openalex.org/W2028732372","https://openalex.org/W2031755084","https://openalex.org/W2038257637","https://openalex.org/W2038457670","https://openalex.org/W2039065876","https://openalex.org/W2039263601","https://openalex.org/W2041727074","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2047916497","https://openalex.org/W2056418000","https://openalex.org/W2060416030","https://openalex.org/W2062056589","https://openalex.org/W2068574308","https://openalex.org/W2068887604","https://openalex.org/W2072563372","https://openalex.org/W2077102685","https://openalex.org/W2079310560","https://openalex.org/W2079364662","https://openalex.org/W2080693943","https://openalex.org/W2082545005","https://openalex.org/W2091307460","https://openalex.org/W2092086200","https://openalex.org/W2092892296","https://openalex.org/W2093843788","https://openalex.org/W2095114822","https://openalex.org/W2095214648","https://openalex.org/W2096470138","https://openalex.org/W2096636793","https://openalex.org/W2097731590","https://openalex.org/W2098223519","https://openalex.org/W2101176848","https://openalex.org/W2103388834","https://openalex.org/W2104562009","https://openalex.org/W2104830524","https://openalex.org/W2106030248","https://openalex.org/W2106833918","https://openalex.org/W2107040324","https://openalex.org/W2108438541","https://openalex.org/W2108777864","https://openalex.org/W2109195395","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2116892602","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2120188593","https://openalex.org/W2122988249","https://openalex.org/W2125865271","https://openalex.org/W2126170939","https://openalex.org/W2127007120","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2129776600","https://openalex.org/W2131110609","https://openalex.org/W2132153449","https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2136823423","https://openalex.org/W2142411122","https://openalex.org/W2143745050","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2144094762","https://openalex.org/W2145921837","https://openalex.org/W2146080444","https://openalex.org/W2147788763","https://openalex.org/W2148633529","https://openalex.org/W2149510322","https://openalex.org/W2149808502","https://openalex.org/W2150080833","https://openalex.org/W2150264238","https://openalex.org/W2153261701","https://openalex.org/W2153644609","https://openalex.org/W2154668180","https://openalex.org/W2155384626","https://openalex.org/W2155899844","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2156239388","https://openalex.org/W2160843483","https://openalex.org/W2161081468","https://openalex.org/W2168792413","https://openalex.org/W2169128714","https://openalex.org/W2294250261","https://openalex.org/W2477339570","https://openalex.org/W2544395928","https://openalex.org/W2963991642","https://openalex.org/W3099356932","https://openalex.org/W3100058843","https://openalex.org/W3100504980","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W3126124664","https://openalex.org/W4212888567","https://openalex.org/W4239305362","https://openalex.org/W4245930138","https://openalex.org/W4247264254","https://openalex.org/W4293702014","https://openalex.org/W6635649782","https://openalex.org/W6643654960","https://openalex.org/W6662593722","https://openalex.org/W6676387349","https://openalex.org/W6678510305","https://openalex.org/W6681831669","https://openalex.org/W6682899401","https://openalex.org/W6683041677","https://openalex.org/W6697230297","https://openalex.org/W6786155843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3026705917","https://openalex.org/W2516026999","https://openalex.org/W2155410265","https://openalex.org/W2769689807","https://openalex.org/W3121990887","https://openalex.org/W3166880716","https://openalex.org/W2959329152","https://openalex.org/W2904430835","https://openalex.org/W1540514160","https://openalex.org/W4287162110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56,199],"wireless":[1,129,153,191],"medium":[2],"offers":[3],"many":[4],"opportunities":[5],"for":[6,15,60,123,214],"broadcast":[7,20],"communications.":[8],"However,":[9],"it":[10,77],"also":[11,111],"opens":[12],"the":[13,19,35,53,61,72,84,97,108,137,177,187,212,220,224],"possibility":[14],"attackers":[16],"to":[17,23,25,80,88,175,203],"eavesdrop":[18],"data":[21,126],"or":[22,29,65],"pretend":[24],"be":[26],"another":[27],"node":[28],"device.":[30],"These":[31],"two":[32],"attacks":[33],"define":[34],"protection":[36],"goals,":[37],"namely,":[38],"confidentiality":[39,193,215],"and":[40,93,118,128,140,148,155,162,165,194,216],"authenticity.":[41],"Traditionally,":[42],"both":[43],"are":[44,210],"solved":[45],"by":[46,136],"cryptographic":[47,74],"approaches":[48],"exploiting":[49],"knowledge":[50],"available":[51,141,178],"in":[52,160],"surrounding":[54],"infrastructure.":[55],"novel":[57],"communication":[58,225],"paradigms":[59],"Internet":[62],"of":[63,83,181,190,206,223],"Things":[64],"cyber-physical":[66],"systems":[67,164,208],"do":[68],"not":[69],"scale":[70],"with":[71],"standard":[73],"approach.":[75],"Instead":[76],"is":[78,104,134],"possible":[79],"exploit":[81],"properties":[82],"underlying":[85],"physical":[86,221],"channel":[87,100,138,170,197],"provide":[89],"countermeasures":[90],"against":[91],"eavesdropping":[92],"impersonation":[94],"attacks.":[95],"Thereby,":[96],"random":[98],"fading":[99],"induces":[101],"uncertainty":[102,139],"which":[103,209],"detrimental":[105],"but":[106],"at":[107],"same":[109],"time":[110],"helpful.":[112],"In":[113],"this":[114],"paper,":[115],"we":[116],"review":[117],"describe":[119],"a":[120,204],"generalized":[121],"model":[122],"physical-layer-based":[124],"confidential":[125],"transmission":[127],"authentication.":[130],"A":[131],"key":[132],"role":[133],"played":[135],"design":[142,189,205],"dimensions":[143],"such":[144],"as":[145],"time,":[146],"frequency,":[147],"space.":[149],"We":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152],"authentication":[154],"secret-key":[156],"generation":[157],"can":[158,173],"work":[159],"multicarrier":[161],"multiple-antenna":[163],"explain":[166],"how":[167],"even":[168],"outdated":[169],"state":[171],"information":[172],"help":[174],"increase":[176],"secure":[179],"degrees":[180],"freedom.":[182],"This":[183],"survey":[184],"focuses":[185],"on":[186,219],"system":[188],"physical-layer":[192],"authenticity":[195,217],"under":[196],"uncertainty.":[198],"insights":[200],"could":[201],"lead":[202],"practical":[207],"preparing":[211],"ground":[213],"already":[218],"layer":[222],"protocol":[226],"stack.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
