{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036373650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","title":"Trustworthiness of Medical Devices and Body Area Networks","display_name":"Trustworthiness of Medical Devices and Body Area Networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036373650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","mag":"2036373650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/6860340/06827202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/6860340/06827202.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437764","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-3716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065766721","display_name":"Anand Raghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086131079","display_name":"Niraj K. Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1539-0369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niraj K. Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9706211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"8","first_page":"1174","last_page":"1188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7454625964164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.720411479473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.652774453163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6041715741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5671541094779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5059978365898132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.4803289473056793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.479554146528244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4727899730205536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46289435029029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4627300500869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.45882606506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.4510015845298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3363034129142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.15376496315002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12869229912757874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7454625964164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.720411479473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.652774453163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6041715741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5671541094779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5059978365898132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4803289473056793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.479554146528244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4727899730205536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46289435029029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4627300500869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.45882606506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.4510015845298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3363034129142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15376496315002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12869229912757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/6860340/06827202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2014.2322103","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5/6860340/06827202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2689603802","display_name":"TWC: Small: Collaborative Research: Enhancing the Safety and Trustworthiness of Medical Devices","funder_award_id":"1219570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3972173562","display_name":"CSR:Small:Preventing the Exploitation of Software Vulnerabilities and Execution of Malicious Software on Embedded Systems","funder_award_id":"0914787","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7494376928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1219570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8899512440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0914787","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036373650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036373650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130848762","https://openalex.org/W161704225","https://openalex.org/W173426051","https://openalex.org/W1519539754","https://openalex.org/W1537808739","https://openalex.org/W1554716553","https://openalex.org/W1602420333","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1913516544","https://openalex.org/W1979047980","https://openalex.org/W1982170863","https://openalex.org/W1992699253","https://openalex.org/W1994401915","https://openalex.org/W2005524444","https://openalex.org/W2011582944","https://openalex.org/W2022715718","https://openalex.org/W2030427456","https://openalex.org/W2035979929","https://openalex.org/W2040609657","https://openalex.org/W2045604437","https://openalex.org/W2054496355","https://openalex.org/W2065207200","https://openalex.org/W2068028694","https://openalex.org/W2076075384","https://openalex.org/W2081768052","https://openalex.org/W2088537919","https://openalex.org/W2096490242","https://openalex.org/W2101188359","https://openalex.org/W2103002136","https://openalex.org/W2104706302","https://openalex.org/W2105267783","https://openalex.org/W2106876320","https://openalex.org/W2109673240","https://openalex.org/W2113474812","https://openalex.org/W2115205099","https://openalex.org/W2115856209","https://openalex.org/W2120185818","https://openalex.org/W2125203425","https://openalex.org/W2127477151","https://openalex.org/W2130614965","https://openalex.org/W2132451830","https://openalex.org/W2133201251","https://openalex.org/W2135720906","https://openalex.org/W2140141884","https://openalex.org/W2141917475","https://openalex.org/W2143472559","https://openalex.org/W2145548455","https://openalex.org/W2146966321","https://openalex.org/W2149519129","https://openalex.org/W2151370481","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2155520797","https://openalex.org/W2156392592","https://openalex.org/W2156808151","https://openalex.org/W2159342177","https://openalex.org/W2167554106","https://openalex.org/W2169691416","https://openalex.org/W2198437815","https://openalex.org/W2201982010","https://openalex.org/W2289263734","https://openalex.org/W2317624582","https://openalex.org/W2526450033","https://openalex.org/W3142846010","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W6605345177","https://openalex.org/W6606968937","https://openalex.org/W6631075134","https://openalex.org/W6635937959","https://openalex.org/W6656351310","https://openalex.org/W6661924885","https://openalex.org/W6674594632","https://openalex.org/W6680831058","https://openalex.org/W6681275495","https://openalex.org/W6681284244","https://openalex.org/W6682554491","https://openalex.org/W6684700885","https://openalex.org/W6687237769","https://openalex.org/W6687529357","https://openalex.org/W6727813994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2095299560","https://openalex.org/W2907667791","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W2999186374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Implantable":[0],"and":[1,12,31,50,63,66,74,95,121,133,139,147,162,165,188,201,207,222],"wearable":[2],"medical":[3,15,22,100],"devices":[4,23],"(IWMDs)":[5],"are":[6],"commonly":[7],"used":[8],"for":[9,82,127,213],"diagnosing,":[10],"monitoring,":[11],"treating":[13],"various":[14],"conditions.":[16],"A":[17],"general":[18],"trend":[19],"in":[20,145,199],"these":[21,77],"is":[24,192],"toward":[25],"increased":[26],"functional":[27],"complexity,":[28],"software":[29,58,64],"programmability,":[30],"connectivity":[32],"to":[33,53,109,124,154,158],"body":[34],"area":[35],"networks":[36],"(BANs).":[37],"However,":[38],"as":[39],"IWMDs":[40,73,116,156,176,200],"become":[41,46],"more":[42,51],"\u201cintelligent,\u201d":[43],"they":[44],"also":[45],"less":[47],"trustworthy-less":[48],"reliable":[49],"prone":[52],"attacks.":[54],"Various":[55],"shortcomings-hardware":[56],"failures,":[57],"errors,":[59],"wireless":[60],"attacks,":[61,180],"malware":[62],"exploits,":[65],"side-channel":[67],"attacks-could":[68],"undermine":[69],"the":[70,104,125,220],"trustworthiness":[71,114,197],"of":[72,87,106,115,175,190,209,219,224],"BANs.":[75],"While":[76,169],"concerns":[78,187,198],"have":[79,98,142],"been":[80,143],"recognized":[81],"some":[83],"time,":[84],"recent":[85,171],"demonstrations":[86],"security":[88,102,135,179],"attacks":[89],"on":[90],"commercial":[91],"products,":[92],"e.g.,":[93,137],"pacemakers":[94],"insulin":[96],"pumps,":[97],"elevated":[99],"device":[101],"from":[103],"realm":[105],"theoretical":[107],"possibility":[108],"an":[110],"immediate":[111],"concern.":[112],"The":[113],"must":[117],"be":[118,152],"addressed":[119],"aggressively":[120],"proactively":[122],"due":[123,157],"potential":[126,210],"catastrophic":[128],"consequences.":[129],"Conventional":[130],"fault":[131],"tolerance":[132],"information":[134],"solutions,":[136],"redundancy":[138],"cryptography,":[140],"that":[141,184],"employed":[144],"general-purpose":[146],"embedded":[148],"computing":[149],"systems":[150],"cannot":[151],"applied":[153],"many":[155],"their":[159],"extreme":[160],"size":[161],"power":[163],"constraints":[164],"unique":[166],"usage":[167],"models.":[168],"several":[170],"efforts":[172],"address":[173],"defense":[174],"against":[177],"specific":[178],"a":[181,204,217],"holistic":[182],"strategy":[183],"considers":[185],"all":[186],"types":[189],"threats":[191,211],"required.":[193],"This":[194],"paper":[195],"discusses":[196],"BANs":[202],"through":[203],"comprehensive":[205],"identification":[206],"analysis":[208],"and,":[212],"each":[214],"threat,":[215],"provides":[216],"discussion":[218],"merits":[221],"inadequacies":[223],"current":[225],"solutions.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}