{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992547427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2013.2274930","title":"GaN Substrate Technologies for Optical Devices","display_name":"GaN Substrate Technologies for Optical Devices","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992547427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2013.2274930","mag":"1992547427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2013.2274930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2013.2274930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103366232","display_name":"Takao Nakamura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166210","display_name":"Sumitomo Electric Industries (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05rnkb382","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166210"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takao Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor Technologies R&D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited, Itami, Japan","Semicond. Technol. R&D Labs., Sumitomo Electr. Ind., Ltd., Itami, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor Technologies R&D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited, Itami, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semicond. Technol. R&D Labs., Sumitomo Electr. Ind., Ltd., Itami, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075569739","display_name":"Kensaku Motoki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166210","display_name":"Sumitomo Electric Industries (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05rnkb382","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166210"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kensaku Motoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor Technologies R&D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited, Itami, Japan","Semicond. Technol. R&D Labs., Sumitomo Electr. Ind., Ltd., Itami, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor Technologies R&D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited, Itami, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semicond. Technol. R&D Labs., Sumitomo Electr. Ind., Ltd., Itami, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166210"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77670991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"101","issue":"10","first_page":"2221","last_page":"2228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epitaxy","display_name":"Epitaxy","score":0.8047641515731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dislocation","display_name":"Dislocation","score":0.7830820083618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7678073644638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6962042450904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.6345908641815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.6090918779373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5243942141532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.4929008483886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","score":0.4902079701423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4853869676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25168633460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.2114793360233307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.09591025114059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.06173768639564514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110738630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135540","display_name":"Epitaxy","level":3,"score":0.8047641515731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159122135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737571","display_name":"Dislocation","level":2,"score":0.7830820083618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7678073644638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6962042450904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.6345908641815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.6090918779373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5243942141532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.4929008483886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4902079701423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4853869676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25168633460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2114793360233307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09591025114059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06173768639564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2013.2274930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2013.2274930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963820390","https://openalex.org/W1964513477","https://openalex.org/W1965920831","https://openalex.org/W1967797505","https://openalex.org/W1970933109","https://openalex.org/W1977910099","https://openalex.org/W1981397067","https://openalex.org/W2001200374","https://openalex.org/W2003900841","https://openalex.org/W2007930532","https://openalex.org/W2012858345","https://openalex.org/W2022800577","https://openalex.org/W2032674194","https://openalex.org/W2037587687","https://openalex.org/W2052564236","https://openalex.org/W2066801783","https://openalex.org/W2067314870","https://openalex.org/W2081456112","https://openalex.org/W2081820093","https://openalex.org/W2084220832","https://openalex.org/W2092880828","https://openalex.org/W2093064331","https://openalex.org/W2095255744","https://openalex.org/W2101610902","https://openalex.org/W2125234351","https://openalex.org/W2463975250","https://openalex.org/W6651362681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3042595473","https://openalex.org/W2082745643","https://openalex.org/W2123219307","https://openalex.org/W2392123845","https://openalex.org/W2033117258","https://openalex.org/W2049354487","https://openalex.org/W2920423752","https://openalex.org/W2071346341","https://openalex.org/W1964371904","https://openalex.org/W1998065921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"GaN":[1,41,64,79,131,141,161,172],"single-crystal":[2],"substrates":[3,142,162,167],"with":[4,35,50,67,93,143],"low":[5,94],"dislocation":[6,30,95,109],"density":[7,96],"are":[8,81],"the":[9,13,27,33,59,73,78,84,87,100,103,108,111,114,125,144,149,152,178,184],"key":[10],"materials":[11],"for":[12,151],"commercial":[14],"production":[15],"of":[16,86,113,124,128],"GaN-based":[17],"laser":[18,154,189],"diodes.":[19,155],"We":[20,156],"developed":[21,183],"a":[22,47,90,119],"new":[23,160],"method":[24,146],"to":[25,83,158],"reduce":[26],"dislocations,":[28],"named":[29,136],"elimination":[31],"by":[32,122,191],"epitaxial-growth":[34],"inverse-pyramidal":[36,70],"pits":[37,115],"(DEEP).":[38],"A":[39],"thick":[40,63],"film":[42,80],"is":[43,56,97,116],"epitaxially":[44],"grown":[45],"on":[46],"GaAs":[48,60],"substrate":[49],"hydride":[51],"vapor-phase":[52],"epitaxy":[53],"and":[54,89,182],"then":[55],"separated":[57],"from":[58],"substrate.":[61],"The":[62],"layer":[65],"grows":[66],"numerous":[68],"large":[69],"pits.":[71],"As":[72],"growth":[74,127],"proceeds,":[75],"dislocations":[76],"in":[77],"concentrated":[82],"center":[85,104],"pit":[88,101],"wide":[91],"area":[92],"formed":[98],"within":[99],"except":[102],"area.":[105],"To":[106],"control":[107],"artificially,":[110],"position":[112,121],"fixed":[117],"at":[118],"predetermined":[120],"means":[123],"selective":[126],"different":[129],"polarity":[130],"film.":[132],"This":[133],"process":[134],"was":[135],"as":[137,164,168,170],"advanced":[138],"DEEP":[139],"(A-DEEP).":[140],"A-DEEP":[145],"satisfied":[147],"all":[148],"requirements":[150],"violet":[153],"continued":[157],"develop":[159],"such":[163],"large-diameter":[165],"c-plane":[166],"well":[169],"nonpolar/semipolar":[171],"substrates.":[173],"In":[174],"particular,":[175],"we":[176],"overcame":[177],"green":[179,188],"gap":[180],"problem":[181],"world's":[185],"first":[186],"true":[187],"diodes":[190],"selecting":[192],"an":[193],"optimal":[194],"crystal":[195],"plane.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
