{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017631321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2187133","title":"The Economists' Contribution to Radio Spectrum Access: The Past, the Present, and the Future","display_name":"The Economists' Contribution to Radio Spectrum Access: The Past, the Present, and the Future","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017631321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2187133","mag":"2017631321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2012.2187133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2187133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112715557","display_name":"Eli M. Noam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-4108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. M. Noam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Institute for Tele-Information, Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","Columbia Institute for Tele-Information, Finance and Economics , Public Policy and Business Responsibility, Columbia University Business School, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Institute for Tele-Information, Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Institute for Tele-Information, Finance and Economics , Public Policy and Business Responsibility, Columbia University Business School, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112715557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84271304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"Special Centennial Issue","first_page":"1692","last_page":"1697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-value-auction","display_name":"Common value auction","score":0.6976547837257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.5369033813476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodoxy","display_name":"Orthodoxy","score":0.5236537456512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.5150470733642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-technology","display_name":"Access technology","score":0.49300429224967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4869886338710785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-auction","display_name":"Spectrum auction","score":0.46813568472862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4513683021068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.40378427505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40218207240104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3549608588218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.335763156414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33121755719184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3293951153755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32270875573158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.19197627902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1038486659526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0920783281326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.08021870255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auction-theory","display_name":"Auction theory","score":0.07075628638267517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163239763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153637","display_name":"Common value auction","level":2,"score":0.6976547837257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5369033813476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778802261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383258","display_name":"Orthodoxy","level":2,"score":0.5236537456512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.5150470733642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983646967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Access technology","level":3,"score":0.49300429224967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4869886338710785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94253299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4346752","display_name":"Spectrum auction","level":5,"score":0.46813568472862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4513683021068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.40378427505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40218207240104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3549608588218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.335763156414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33121755719184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3293951153755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32270875573158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.19197627902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1038486659526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0920783281326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.08021870255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11276805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771334","display_name":"Auction theory","level":3,"score":0.07075628638267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143684077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431186","display_name":"Revenue equivalence","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2012.2187133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2187133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154256326","https://openalex.org/W608024451","https://openalex.org/W1520579443","https://openalex.org/W1537736155","https://openalex.org/W1966143997","https://openalex.org/W1996968529","https://openalex.org/W2048403598","https://openalex.org/W2055264103","https://openalex.org/W2120836335","https://openalex.org/W2151466613","https://openalex.org/W2153645438","https://openalex.org/W2162015416","https://openalex.org/W2256302206","https://openalex.org/W2319850463","https://openalex.org/W2343786516","https://openalex.org/W2610471112","https://openalex.org/W2795651584","https://openalex.org/W3123428424","https://openalex.org/W4230979006","https://openalex.org/W4236646153","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297664324","https://openalex.org/W6603920927","https://openalex.org/W6632288497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3146947633","https://openalex.org/W1511198632","https://openalex.org/W2116814789","https://openalex.org/W3124632927","https://openalex.org/W2478847702","https://openalex.org/W3140535466","https://openalex.org/W2259824703","https://openalex.org/W2162230631","https://openalex.org/W2402103399","https://openalex.org/W2189604121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"a":[1,7,18,27,60,63],"long":[2],"time,":[3],"most":[4],"economists":[5],"supported":[6],"strong":[8],"governmental":[9],"control":[10],"of":[11,21],"spectrum":[12,45],"access.":[13,46],"This":[14,53],"changed":[15],"radically":[16],"to":[17,32,62],"widespread":[19],"advocacy":[20],"auctions,":[22],"which":[23],"in":[24],"time":[25],"became":[26],"new":[28],"orthodoxy":[29],"and":[30,43,74],"began":[31],"exhibit":[33],"problems.":[34],"More":[35],"recently,":[36],"counter-arguments":[37],"have":[38],"been":[39],"made":[40],"for":[41,76],"unlicensed":[42],"free":[44],"This,":[47],"too,":[48],"will":[49],"hit":[50],"practical":[51],"obstacles.":[52],"paper":[54],"predicts":[55],"as":[56],"the":[57,72],"next":[58],"step":[59],"move":[61],"user-fee-based":[64],"access":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67],"emerging":[68],"technologies":[69],"that":[70],"eliminate":[71],"need":[73],"justification":[75],"frequency":[77],"exclusivity.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
