{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077099824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2160929","title":"Modeling Cyber\u2013Physical Systems","display_name":"Modeling Cyber\u2013Physical Systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077099824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2160929","mag":"2077099824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2011.2160929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2160929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056449142","display_name":"Patricia Derler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-802X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Derler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009831760","display_name":"Edward A. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-0584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. A. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. S. Vincentelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. S. Vincentelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056449142"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.4204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":732,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99779046,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.8223087787628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.7595113515853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency","display_name":"Concurrency","score":0.7544815540313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7314664125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6643217206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5192446708679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.509685754776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-system","display_name":"Physical system","score":0.4455064535140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.42190977931022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.41766807436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3850724697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19049111008644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10590380430221558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08210429549217224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.8223087787628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7595113515853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.7544815540313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7314664125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6643217206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5192446708679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.509685754776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.4455064535140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.42190977931022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41766807436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3850724697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19049111008644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10590380430221558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08210429549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2011.2160929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2160929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69684575","https://openalex.org/W192034015","https://openalex.org/W333252456","https://openalex.org/W1496267491","https://openalex.org/W1505618619","https://openalex.org/W1506702095","https://openalex.org/W1517125074","https://openalex.org/W1540492331","https://openalex.org/W1567551938","https://openalex.org/W1586673500","https://openalex.org/W1823037702","https://openalex.org/W1874620740","https://openalex.org/W1921281495","https://openalex.org/W1959069981","https://openalex.org/W1963975008","https://openalex.org/W1971855334","https://openalex.org/W1974332708","https://openalex.org/W1978910405","https://openalex.org/W2002763600","https://openalex.org/W2014019774","https://openalex.org/W2016310205","https://openalex.org/W2028133921","https://openalex.org/W2049074245","https://openalex.org/W2060033172","https://openalex.org/W2061420542","https://openalex.org/W2080101372","https://openalex.org/W2084148228","https://openalex.org/W2086061185","https://openalex.org/W2090226375","https://openalex.org/W2095994109","https://openalex.org/W2099529102","https://openalex.org/W2101431901","https://openalex.org/W2103684726","https://openalex.org/W2104923710","https://openalex.org/W2113239343","https://openalex.org/W2115304935","https://openalex.org/W2117166466","https://openalex.org/W2119355229","https://openalex.org/W2125174515","https://openalex.org/W2125436261","https://openalex.org/W2127044011","https://openalex.org/W2134345746","https://openalex.org/W2143658331","https://openalex.org/W2147436960","https://openalex.org/W2147860047","https://openalex.org/W2148828251","https://openalex.org/W2150139634","https://openalex.org/W2150408604","https://openalex.org/W2156232552","https://openalex.org/W2160566592","https://openalex.org/W2162885111","https://openalex.org/W2163032382","https://openalex.org/W2165550854","https://openalex.org/W2166720067","https://openalex.org/W2169180789","https://openalex.org/W2169239645","https://openalex.org/W2169687938","https://openalex.org/W2290665292","https://openalex.org/W2293278465","https://openalex.org/W2490807393","https://openalex.org/W2503657378","https://openalex.org/W2911524086","https://openalex.org/W4205958241","https://openalex.org/W4214487305","https://openalex.org/W4236316493","https://openalex.org/W4237137266","https://openalex.org/W4241133276","https://openalex.org/W4241912666","https://openalex.org/W4251890011","https://openalex.org/W6611442388","https://openalex.org/W6629762304","https://openalex.org/W6676085315","https://openalex.org/W6677921698","https://openalex.org/W6682225011","https://openalex.org/W6682780402","https://openalex.org/W6683611494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756692340","https://openalex.org/W2994120531","https://openalex.org/W2013640653","https://openalex.org/W3017360834","https://openalex.org/W2108326965","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W2091790253","https://openalex.org/W4229048927","https://openalex.org/W3099113830","https://openalex.org/W190251865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"the":[4,14,37,43,54,71,80],"challenges":[5],"of":[6,22,29,69,73,83],"modeling":[7,62,82],"cyber\u2013physical":[8],"systems":[9],"(CPSs)":[10],"that":[11,49],"arise":[12],"from":[13],"intrinsic":[15],"heterogeneity,":[16],"concurrency,":[17],"and":[18,45,63,66,79,85],"sensitivity":[19],"to":[20,41,76],"timing":[21],"such":[23],"systems.":[24],"It":[25],"uses":[26],"a":[27],"portion":[28],"an":[30],"aircraft":[31],"vehicle":[32],"management":[33,39],"system":[34,61],"(VMS),":[35],"specifically":[36],"fuel":[38],"subsystem,":[40],"illustrate":[42],"challenges,":[44],"then":[46],"discusses":[47],"technologies":[48,57],"at":[50],"least":[51],"partially":[52],"address":[53],"challenges.":[55],"Specific":[56],"described":[58],"include":[59],"hybrid":[60],"simulation,":[64],"concurrent":[65],"heterogeneous":[67],"models":[68],"computation,":[70],"use":[72],"domain-specific":[74],"ontologies":[75],"enhance":[77],"modularity,":[78],"joint":[81],"functionality":[84],"implementation":[86],"architectures.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}