{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040644879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2143650","title":"State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications","display_name":"State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040644879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2143650","mag":"2040644879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2011.2143650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2143650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058193542","display_name":"Theodore S. Rappaport","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-9957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Theodore S. Rappaport","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), NSF I/UCRC WICAT center site, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), NSF I/UCRC WICAT center site, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063019938","display_name":"James N. Murdock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James N. Murdock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), NSF I/UCRC WICAT center site, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), NSF I/UCRC WICAT center site, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110885244","display_name":"F\u00e9lix Guti\u00e9rrez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), NSF I/UCRC WICAT center site, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG), NSF I/UCRC WICAT center site, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058193542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.3483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":902,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99883628,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"8","first_page":"1390","last_page":"1436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6374055743217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6224604249000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5751986503601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5434489846229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.535436749458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4850887060165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.47461333870887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4624588191509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.45125213265419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.4490906000137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4467077851295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.43012818694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31877315044403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.154672771692276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6374055743217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6224604249000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5751986503601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5434489846229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.535436749458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4850887060165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.47461333870887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4624588191509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.45125213265419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.4490906000137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4467077851295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.43012818694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31877315044403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.154672771692276}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2011.2143650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2011.2143650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":199,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13720662","https://openalex.org/W43156181","https://openalex.org/W165115065","https://openalex.org/W208567694","https://openalex.org/W560055673","https://openalex.org/W610631936","https://openalex.org/W658731724","https://openalex.org/W1500156876","https://openalex.org/W1512063313","https://openalex.org/W1532219419","https://openalex.org/W1540425631","https://openalex.org/W1560663016","https://openalex.org/W1564713731","https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1567258748","https://openalex.org/W1572291599","https://openalex.org/W1583883039","https://openalex.org/W1585705809","https://openalex.org/W1604835848","https://openalex.org/W1608130445","https://openalex.org/W1608509111","https://openalex.org/W1675937943","https://openalex.org/W1767365674","https://openalex.org/W1831737867","https://openalex.org/W1904012764","https://openalex.org/W1964525612","https://openalex.org/W1967138129","https://openalex.org/W1972379777","https://openalex.org/W1974034561","https://openalex.org/W1980460888","https://openalex.org/W1986368707","https://openalex.org/W1991182714","https://openalex.org/W1991608775","https://openalex.org/W1992430382","https://openalex.org/W1992689052","https://openalex.org/W2006518323","https://openalex.org/W2012557280","https://openalex.org/W2021154433","https://openalex.org/W2026250828","https://openalex.org/W2027691598","https://openalex.org/W2028848817","https://openalex.org/W2031370447","https://openalex.org/W2031963227","https://openalex.org/W2038027674","https://openalex.org/W2038473032","https://openalex.org/W2038962770","https://openalex.org/W2039304869","https://openalex.org/W2039355940","https://openalex.org/W2039485657","https://openalex.org/W2040621389","https://openalex.org/W2042923155","https://openalex.org/W2043432762","https://openalex.org/W2045553938","https://openalex.org/W2047190101","https://openalex.org/W2048727779","https://openalex.org/W2049230811","https://openalex.org/W2050256537","https://openalex.org/W2056235568","https://openalex.org/W2057090120","https://openalex.org/W2059390715","https://openalex.org/W2070129609","https://openalex.org/W2070656768","https://openalex.org/W2073385295","https://openalex.org/W2074237099","https://openalex.org/W2076314006","https://openalex.org/W2082015819","https://openalex.org/W2090608685","https://openalex.org/W2095938184","https://openalex.org/W2096181623","https://openalex.org/W2096525923","https://openalex.org/W2097421090","https://openalex.org/W2098214201","https://openalex.org/W2099579463","https://openalex.org/W2099953799","https://openalex.org/W2100429947","https://openalex.org/W2100779054","https://openalex.org/W2102617853","https://openalex.org/W2102624438","https://openalex.org/W2103290555","https://openalex.org/W2104217918","https://openalex.org/W2109190350","https://openalex.org/W2109339995","https://openalex.org/W2110139052","https://openalex.org/W2110407809","https://openalex.org/W2110559703","https://openalex.org/W2111281982","https://openalex.org/W2112481448","https://openalex.org/W2115147171","https://openalex.org/W2115293016","https://openalex.org/W2115659450","https://openalex.org/W2116259283","https://openalex.org/W2119129637","https://openalex.org/W2120749600","https://openalex.org/W2122215659","https://openalex.org/W2122695382","https://openalex.org/W2123474749","https://openalex.org/W2124062245","https://openalex.org/W2125324284","https://openalex.org/W2125641848","https://openalex.org/W2126190772","https://openalex.org/W2127717695","https://openalex.org/W2128256293","https://openalex.org/W2128335437","https://openalex.org/W2129546514","https://openalex.org/W2131559360","https://openalex.org/W2131890033","https://openalex.org/W2132149582","https://openalex.org/W2132924735","https://openalex.org/W2133447518","https://openalex.org/W2135224560","https://openalex.org/W2135369720","https://openalex.org/W2136397880","https://openalex.org/W2136530092","https://openalex.org/W2137194608","https://openalex.org/W2137363870","https://openalex.org/W2137800486","https://openalex.org/W2140383692","https://openalex.org/W2140578149","https://openalex.org/W2144093007","https://openalex.org/W2144177517","https://openalex.org/W2144531052","https://openalex.org/W2144651432","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2145458182","https://openalex.org/W2145843160","https://openalex.org/W2146147056","https://openalex.org/W2148054843","https://openalex.org/W2148188024","https://openalex.org/W2148319827","https://openalex.org/W2149206063","https://openalex.org/W2149639520","https://openalex.org/W2150019800","https://openalex.org/W2150278609","https://openalex.org/W2151832744","https://openalex.org/W2151927067","https://openalex.org/W2151954810","https://openalex.org/W2152790987","https://openalex.org/W2152841029","https://openalex.org/W2153317213","https://openalex.org/W2153365546","https://openalex.org/W2153686466","https://openalex.org/W2153938192","https://openalex.org/W2154977300","https://openalex.org/W2155184708","https://openalex.org/W2157609510","https://openalex.org/W2157977389","https://openalex.org/W2158298203","https://openalex.org/W2159311923","https://openalex.org/W2159913949","https://openalex.org/W2160709449","https://openalex.org/W2161461344","https://openalex.org/W2162310342","https://openalex.org/W2163031863","https://openalex.org/W2163118052","https://openalex.org/W2163179035","https://openalex.org/W2163701202","https://openalex.org/W2163743881","https://openalex.org/W2163854501","https://openalex.org/W2165695151","https://openalex.org/W2166981972","https://openalex.org/W2167225571","https://openalex.org/W2168114100","https://openalex.org/W2168351469","https://openalex.org/W2168533126","https://openalex.org/W2169846106","https://openalex.org/W2171916437","https://openalex.org/W2171999417","https://openalex.org/W2172017172","https://openalex.org/W2189077303","https://openalex.org/W2300141492","https://openalex.org/W2478858664","https://openalex.org/W2481490624","https://openalex.org/W2490657271","https://openalex.org/W2532636057","https://openalex.org/W2537215659","https://openalex.org/W2541767409","https://openalex.org/W2541923617","https://openalex.org/W2546414625","https://openalex.org/W2547727093","https://openalex.org/W2561441520","https://openalex.org/W2789056727","https://openalex.org/W2798875205","https://openalex.org/W3107617738","https://openalex.org/W4246294392","https://openalex.org/W4248288458","https://openalex.org/W4249799301","https://openalex.org/W4252049999","https://openalex.org/W6634314374","https://openalex.org/W6635028625","https://openalex.org/W6644863192","https://openalex.org/W6648651729","https://openalex.org/W6669522516","https://openalex.org/W6674918086","https://openalex.org/W6679549675","https://openalex.org/W6682463255","https://openalex.org/W6682828590","https://openalex.org/W6683614389","https://openalex.org/W6684544276","https://openalex.org/W6728370975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2543418257","https://openalex.org/W2593648473","https://openalex.org/W1982329913","https://openalex.org/W1569112192","https://openalex.org/W2725740936","https://openalex.org/W2061396733","https://openalex.org/W3047320132","https://openalex.org/W2378453312","https://openalex.org/W2392949530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,70],"tutorial":[1],"presents":[2,223],"an":[3,210],"overview":[4,211],"of":[5,46,55,67,81,97,108,163,194,212],"the":[6,34,44,52,65,98,123,160,174,195,213,229],"technological":[7],"advances":[8],"in":[9,33,77,189],"millimeter-wave":[10],"(mm-wave)":[11],"circuit":[12],"components,":[13,129],"antennas,":[14,50,134],"and":[15,49,57,74,83,113,116,132,147,185,191,203,215,222],"propagation":[16,198],"that":[17,86,179],"will":[18,61],"soon":[19],"allow":[20],"60-GHz":[21,169,196,219],"transceivers":[22],"to":[23,40,90,118,182,227],"provide":[24,159],"multigigabit":[25],"per":[26],"second":[27],"(multi-Gb/s)":[28],"wireless":[29,59,94,111],"communication":[30,95],"data":[31,230],"transfers":[32],"consumer":[35],"marketplace.":[36],"Our":[37],"goal":[38],"is":[39],"help":[41],"engineers":[42],"understand":[43],"convergence":[45],"communications,":[47,112],"circuits,":[48],"as":[51,157],"emerging":[53],"world":[54],"subterahertz":[56],"terahertz":[58],"communications":[60],"require":[62],"understanding":[63],"at":[64],"intersections":[66],"these":[68,158],"areas.":[69],"paper":[71,175,207],"covers":[72],"trends":[73],"recent":[75],"accomplishments":[76],"a":[78,224],"wide":[79],"range":[80],"circuits":[82],"systems":[84,96],"topics":[85],"must":[87],"be":[88],"understood":[89],"create":[91],"massively":[92,109],"broadband":[93,110,237],"future.":[99],"In":[100,172],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103],"present":[104],"some":[105],"evolving":[106],"applications":[107],"use":[114],"tables":[115],"graphs":[117],"show":[119],"research":[120],"progress":[121],"from":[122],"literature":[124],"on":[125,154],"various":[126],"radio":[127],"system":[128],"including":[130],"on-chip":[131],"in-package":[133],"radio-frequency":[135],"(RF)":[136],"power":[137,233],"amplifiers":[138,141],"(PAs),":[139],"low-noise":[140],"(LNAs),":[142],"voltage-controlled":[143],"oscillators":[144],"(VCOs),":[145],"mixers,":[146],"analog-to-digital":[148],"converters":[149],"(ADCs).":[150],"We":[151],"focus":[152],"primarily":[153],"silicon-based":[155],"technologies,":[156],"best":[161],"means":[162],"implementing":[164],"very":[165],"low-cost,":[166],"highly":[167],"integrated":[168],"mm-wave":[170,187],"circuits.":[171],"addition,":[173],"illuminates":[176],"characterization":[177],"techniques":[178],"are":[180],"required":[181],"competently":[183],"design":[184],"fabricate":[186],"devices":[188],"silicon,":[190],"illustrates":[192],"effects":[193],"RF":[197],"channel":[199],"for":[200,218,235],"both":[201],"in-building":[202],"outdoor":[204],"use.":[205],"The":[206],"concludes":[208],"with":[209],"standardization":[214],"commercialization":[216],"efforts":[217],"multi-Gb/s":[220],"devices,":[221],"novel":[225],"way":[226],"compare":[228],"rate":[231],"versus":[232],"efficiency":[234],"future":[236],"devices.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":34}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
