{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003443331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2080250","title":"Smart Operation of Smart Grid: Risk-Limiting Dispatch","display_name":"Smart Operation of Smart Grid: Risk-Limiting Dispatch","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003443331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2080250","mag":"2003443331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2010.2080250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2080250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1535983","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040150415","display_name":"Pravin Varaiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-9932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pravin P. Varaiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113099538","display_name":"Felix F. Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix F. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078519932","display_name":"Janusz Bia\u0142ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-019X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janusz W. Bialek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040150415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.5274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":498,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99890667,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"1","first_page":"40","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.8080040812492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6809223294258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.6757267713546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6654328107833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5293957591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4881647229194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.47759127616882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4694730043411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.41030463576316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3888498544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3769001364707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27203720808029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22015851736068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.21972638368606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16538989543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08741599321365356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.8080040812492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6809223294258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.6757267713546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6654328107833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5293957591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4881647229194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.47759127616882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4694730043411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.41030463576316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3888498544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3769001364707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27203720808029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22015851736068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21972638368606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16538989543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08741599321365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2010.2080250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2080250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:11685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/11685/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, Vol.99(1), pp.40-57 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1535983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1535983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1535983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1535983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208605634","https://openalex.org/W607713943","https://openalex.org/W639305211","https://openalex.org/W1527642793","https://openalex.org/W1568685199","https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1967683474","https://openalex.org/W1978926540","https://openalex.org/W2001698266","https://openalex.org/W2019291268","https://openalex.org/W2030949386","https://openalex.org/W2048534947","https://openalex.org/W2049557935","https://openalex.org/W2062438761","https://openalex.org/W2076409988","https://openalex.org/W2081257826","https://openalex.org/W2098329990","https://openalex.org/W2135131968","https://openalex.org/W2139191533","https://openalex.org/W2141907966","https://openalex.org/W2169609419","https://openalex.org/W2294156055","https://openalex.org/W2486662084","https://openalex.org/W2497152198","https://openalex.org/W4212996031","https://openalex.org/W4247849252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348751697","https://openalex.org/W3037384208","https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W1600945217","https://openalex.org/W2171108821","https://openalex.org/W2152995361","https://openalex.org/W1932401759","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W1498762745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"drastic":[1],"reduction":[2],"of":[3,80,104,123,158,176],"carbon":[4,137],"emission":[5],"to":[6,54,168,172],"combat":[7],"global":[8],"climate":[9],"change":[10],"cannot":[11],"be":[12,38,47],"realized":[13],"without":[14],"a":[15,27,142,155],"significant":[16],"contribution":[17],"from":[18],"the":[19,31,58,97,113,119,124,129,174],"electricity":[20],"sector.":[21],"Renewable":[22],"energy":[23,43],"resources":[24],"must":[25,37,46],"take":[26],"bigger":[28],"share":[29],"in":[30,75],"generation":[32,153],"mix,":[33],"effective":[34],"demand":[35,79,89],"response":[36],"widely":[39],"implemented,":[40],"and":[41,56,71,78,91,100,112,136,163,166],"high-capacity":[42],"storage":[44],"systems":[45],"developed.":[48],"A":[49],"smart":[50,64,72,84,87,114],"grid":[51,65],"is":[52,149],"necessary":[53],"manage":[55,173],"control":[57,167],"increasingly":[59],"complex":[60],"future":[61],"grid.":[62],"Certain":[63],"elements\u2014renewables,":[66],"storage,":[67],"microgrid,":[68],"consumer":[69],"choice,":[70],"appliances\u2014increase":[73],"uncertainty":[74],"both":[76],"supply":[77],"electric":[81],"power.":[82],"Other":[83],"gird":[85],"elements\u2014sensors,":[86],"meters,":[88],"response,":[90],"communications\u2014provide":[92],"more":[93,101],"accurate":[94],"information":[95,165],"about":[96],"power":[98,162],"system":[99,134],"refined":[102],"means":[103],"control.":[105],"Simply":[106],"building":[107],"hardware":[108],"for":[109,132],"renewable":[110],"generators":[111],"grid,":[115,125],"but":[116],"still":[117],"using":[118],"same":[120],"operating":[121,144],"paradigm":[122],"will":[126],"not":[127],"realize":[128],"full":[130],"potential":[131],"overall":[133],"efficiency":[135],"reduction.":[138],"In":[139],"this":[140],"paper,":[141],"new":[143],"paradigm,":[145],"called":[146],"risk-limiting":[147],"dispatch,":[148],"proposed.":[150],"It":[151],"treats":[152],"as":[154],"heterogeneous":[156],"commodity":[157],"intermittent":[159],"or":[160],"stochastic":[161],"uses":[164],"design":[169],"hedging":[170],"techniques":[171],"risk":[175],"uncertainty.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":59}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}