{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989227777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2037211","title":"Flexible Circuits and Architectures for Ultralow Power","display_name":"Flexible Circuits and Architectures for Ultralow Power","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989227777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2037211","mag":"1989227777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2009.2037211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2037211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080557997","display_name":"Benton H. Calhoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benton Highsmith Calhoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084277107","display_name":"Joseph F. Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-0522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph F. Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109252424","display_name":"Sudhanshu Khanna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhanshu Khanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010326266","display_name":"Mateja Putic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateja Putic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079544668","display_name":"John Lach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-9996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Lach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles L., Brown Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98501101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"2","first_page":"267","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6458324193954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.614999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6131811141967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6002325415611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5118595957756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4482630491256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4334268271923065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41323110461235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3817159831523895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3445229232311249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34190237522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3356276750564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32647818326950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17734834551811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14601370692253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.14016994833946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.094483882188797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6458324193954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.614999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6131811141967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6002325415611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5118595957756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4482630491256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4334268271923065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41323110461235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3817159831523895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3445229232311249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34190237522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3356276750564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32647818326950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17734834551811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14601370692253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.14016994833946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.094483882188797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2009.2037211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2037211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649475307","https://openalex.org/W1491082069","https://openalex.org/W1538482441","https://openalex.org/W1607087355","https://openalex.org/W1933340717","https://openalex.org/W1963836677","https://openalex.org/W1967171495","https://openalex.org/W1968803376","https://openalex.org/W2002038549","https://openalex.org/W2016748970","https://openalex.org/W2017216250","https://openalex.org/W2018219387","https://openalex.org/W2025516544","https://openalex.org/W2031337889","https://openalex.org/W2045674116","https://openalex.org/W2057676373","https://openalex.org/W2063306466","https://openalex.org/W2067168777","https://openalex.org/W2092089781","https://openalex.org/W2095913060","https://openalex.org/W2097521167","https://openalex.org/W2097544821","https://openalex.org/W2098143668","https://openalex.org/W2099087448","https://openalex.org/W2101466451","https://openalex.org/W2102580073","https://openalex.org/W2108519747","https://openalex.org/W2109846948","https://openalex.org/W2117044664","https://openalex.org/W2126416778","https://openalex.org/W2127036509","https://openalex.org/W2128748528","https://openalex.org/W2132114163","https://openalex.org/W2133079932","https://openalex.org/W2137880600","https://openalex.org/W2139637699","https://openalex.org/W2144922848","https://openalex.org/W2147485935","https://openalex.org/W2151929849","https://openalex.org/W2157405134","https://openalex.org/W2158443804","https://openalex.org/W2161380844","https://openalex.org/W2168300107","https://openalex.org/W2170510975","https://openalex.org/W2540842776","https://openalex.org/W2543907405","https://openalex.org/W3203992401","https://openalex.org/W4238999275","https://openalex.org/W4241239131","https://openalex.org/W4242754029","https://openalex.org/W4242812063","https://openalex.org/W4246982917","https://openalex.org/W4254774981","https://openalex.org/W6650729477","https://openalex.org/W6654592479","https://openalex.org/W6658152620","https://openalex.org/W6676328995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155827627","https://openalex.org/W4242937255","https://openalex.org/W2131019417","https://openalex.org/W2018127069","https://openalex.org/W2132385758","https://openalex.org/W2766813066","https://openalex.org/W1593424929","https://openalex.org/W4312378593","https://openalex.org/W2139413555","https://openalex.org/W2113594494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subthreshold":[0],"digital":[1],"circuits":[2,166],"minimize":[3],"energy":[4],"per":[5],"operation":[6,100,114,228],"and":[7,60,69,105,150,229],"are":[8],"thus":[9,129],"ideal":[10],"for":[11,170,186],"ultralow-power":[12],"(ULP)":[13],"applications":[14,25,189],"with":[15,91,204],"low":[16,106],"performance":[17,29,71],"requirements.":[18],"However,":[19],"a":[20,77,192,200,212,222],"large":[21],"range":[22,214],"of":[23,38,133,215,221],"ULP":[24,55,67,171,175,188,227],"continue":[26],"to":[27,49,86,96,123,225,233],"face":[28],"constraints":[30],"at":[31,101],"certain":[32],"times":[33],"that":[34,51,79,163,207],"exceed":[35],"the":[36,58,66,70,116,131,183,219],"capabilities":[37],"subthreshold":[39,165,193,223],"operation.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,234],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,74,161],"give":[45],"two":[46],"different":[47],"examples":[48],"show":[50],"designing":[52],"flexibility":[53,206],"into":[54],"systems":[56],"across":[57,115,211],"architecture":[59],"circuit":[61,180],"levels":[62],"can":[63,167],"meet":[64],"both":[65],"requirements":[68],"demands.":[72],"Specifically,":[73],"first":[75],"present":[76],"method":[78],"expands":[80],"on":[81,157],"ultradynamic":[82],"voltage":[83,152],"scaling":[84,153],"(UDVS)":[85],"combine":[87],"multiple":[88],"supply":[89],"voltages":[90],"component":[92],"level":[93],"power":[94],"switches":[95],"provide":[97],"more":[98],"efficient":[99],"any":[102],"energy-delay":[103],"point":[104],"overhead":[107],"switching":[108],"between":[109],"points.":[110],"This":[111],"system":[112],"supports":[113],"space":[117],"from":[118],"maximum":[119],"performance,":[120],"when":[121,126],"necessary,":[122],"minimum":[124],"energy,":[125],"possible.":[127],"It":[128],"combines":[130],"benefits":[132],"single-":[134],"<i":[135,143],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[136,139,144,147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">V</i>":[137,145],"<sub":[138,146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DD</sub>":[140,148],",":[141,149],"multi-":[142],"dynamic":[151],"(DVS)":[154],"while":[155],"improving":[156],"them":[158],"all.":[159],"Second,":[160],"propose":[162],"reconfigurable":[164],"increase":[168],"applicability":[169],"embedded":[172],"systems.":[173],"Since":[174],"devices":[176],"conventionally":[177],"require":[178],"custom":[179,202],"design":[181,220],"but":[182],"manufacturing":[184],"volume":[185],"many":[187],"is":[190],"low,":[191],"field":[194],"programmable":[195],"gate":[196],"array":[197],"(FPGA)":[198],"offers":[199],"cost-effective":[201],"solution":[203],"hardware":[205],"makes":[208],"it":[209],"applicable":[210],"wide":[213],"applications.":[216],"We":[217],"describe":[218],"FPGA":[224],"support":[226],"identify":[230],"key":[231],"challenges":[232],"effort.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
