{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141897674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2004.842745","title":"The Earth System Grid: Supporting the Next Generation of Climate Modeling Research","display_name":"The Earth System Grid: Supporting the Next Generation of Climate Modeling Research","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141897674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2004.842745","mag":"2141897674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2004.842745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2004.842745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005918238","display_name":"David E. Bernholdt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-3064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Bernholdt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101751791","display_name":"S. Bharathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9243-9632"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Bharathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002403913","display_name":"David Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0758-6641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055823232","display_name":"Kasidit Chanchio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6141-8092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Chanchio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028771743","display_name":"M. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070054866","display_name":"Ann Chervenak","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Chervenak","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043056790","display_name":"L. Cinquini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Cinquini","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081848813","display_name":"Bob Drach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Drach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032231503","display_name":"Ian Foster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-5269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024379437","display_name":"Peter Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-7163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102007313","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-2740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085298473","display_name":"Carl Kesselman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0917-1562"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Kesselman","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073691068","display_name":"Rob Markel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Markel","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108705311","display_name":"D. Middleton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Middleton","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012662409","display_name":"Veronika Nefedova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Nefedova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044729983","display_name":"Line Pouchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2120-6521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Pouchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109133252","display_name":"Arie Shoshani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Shoshani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068293431","display_name":"Alex Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-1982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070410274","display_name":"Gary Strand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9740-0104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Strand","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013259507","display_name":"David Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-6168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.8053,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":168,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99322024,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"3","first_page":"485","last_page":"495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petabyte","display_name":"Petabyte","score":0.8253746032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7274786233901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5834525227546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-computing","display_name":"Grid computing","score":0.5819976329803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5643449425697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5599709153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-discovery","display_name":"Data discovery","score":0.5386748909950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-access","display_name":"Data access","score":0.5250756144523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5017502307891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-system-science","display_name":"Earth system science","score":0.47990453243255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-grid","display_name":"Data grid","score":0.46422287821769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-management","display_name":"Data management","score":0.4625643193721771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44131603837013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.43180060386657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-model","display_name":"Climate model","score":0.4308892488479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3574059009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.3257555365562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.3247377574443817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.31460267305374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-grid","display_name":"Semantic grid","score":0.31092849373817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.28532570600509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.28141430020332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12694719433784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.12286227941513062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13600138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Petabyte","level":3,"score":0.8253746032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7274786233901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5834525227546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70429105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249999","display_name":"Grid computing","level":3,"score":0.5819976329803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5643449425697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5599709153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777516300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data discovery","level":3,"score":0.5386748909950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.5250756144523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5017502307891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80368990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459","display_name":"Earth system science","level":2,"score":0.47990453243255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147639290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56369138","display_name":"Data grid","level":4,"score":0.46422287821769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1668388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149776","display_name":"Data management","level":2,"score":0.4625643193721771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44131603837013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.43180060386657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.4308892488479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3574059009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3257555365562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.3247377574443817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.31460267305374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103692084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765824","display_name":"Semantic grid","level":3,"score":0.31092849373817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.28532570600509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.28141430020332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12694719433784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.12286227941513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2004.842745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2004.842745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.108.9636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.108.9636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csm.ornl.gov/~7lp/publis/esgIEEEfinalv2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.70.1544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.70.1544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isi.edu/~annc/papers/esgIEEEfinal.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26289711","https://openalex.org/W1485507288","https://openalex.org/W1598698901","https://openalex.org/W1850977149","https://openalex.org/W1970019308","https://openalex.org/W1978004294","https://openalex.org/W2008415634","https://openalex.org/W2018540969","https://openalex.org/W2067787103","https://openalex.org/W2096122599","https://openalex.org/W2107571548","https://openalex.org/W2113959882","https://openalex.org/W2123676806","https://openalex.org/W2127556182","https://openalex.org/W2133884536","https://openalex.org/W2142590813","https://openalex.org/W2157689518","https://openalex.org/W2159824510","https://openalex.org/W2173744586","https://openalex.org/W2361240778","https://openalex.org/W2439240014","https://openalex.org/W2483118963","https://openalex.org/W2487281675","https://openalex.org/W2653151369","https://openalex.org/W4242183123","https://openalex.org/W4254233144","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057753048","https://openalex.org/W2188979397","https://openalex.org/W1580346733","https://openalex.org/W180106690","https://openalex.org/W836263687","https://openalex.org/W2543976890","https://openalex.org/W2145278067","https://openalex.org/W2097927520","https://openalex.org/W2503310612","https://openalex.org/W1870835824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,92,122,177],"Earth's":[2],"climate":[3,17,72],"system":[4],"and":[5,25,28,56,63,68,99,109,125,146,149,165,172],"how":[6],"it":[7],"might":[8],"be":[9],"changing":[10],"is":[11,57,84,115,132],"a":[12,85,107,117,126],"preeminent":[13],"scientific":[14],"challenge.":[15],"Global":[16],"models":[18],"are":[19,30],"used":[20],"to":[21],"simulate":[22],"past,":[23],"present,":[24],"future":[26],"climates,":[27],"experiments":[29],"executed":[31],"continuously":[32],"on":[33],"an":[34,134],"array":[35],"of":[36,50,53,76,94,101,128],"distributed":[37,71,108,170],"supercomputers.":[38],"The":[39,79,113],"resulting":[40],"data":[41,55,74,141,144,154,159,168],"archive,":[42],"spread":[43],"over":[44],"several":[45],"sites,":[46],"currently":[47],"contains":[48],"upwards":[49],"100":[51],"TB":[52],"simulation":[54],"growing":[58],"rapidly.":[59],"Looking":[60],"toward":[61],"mid-decade":[62],"beyond,":[64],"we":[65],"must":[66],"anticipate":[67],"prepare":[69],"for":[70,140,151,157,175],"research":[73],"holdings":[75],"many":[77],"petabytes.":[78],"Earth":[80],"System":[81],"Grid":[82,118],"(ESG)":[83],"collaborative":[86],"interdisciplinary":[87],"project":[88],"aimed":[89],"at":[90],"addressing":[91],"challenge":[93],"enabling":[95],"management,":[96,147],"discovery,":[97,169],"access,":[98,142,155],"analysis":[100],"these":[102],"critically":[103],"important":[104],"datasets":[105],"in":[106],"heterogeneous":[110],"computational":[111],"environment.":[112],"problem":[114],"fundamentally":[116],"problem.":[119],"Building":[120],"upon":[121],"Globus":[123],"toolkit":[124],"variety":[127],"other":[129],"technologies,":[130],"ESG":[131],"developing":[133],"environment":[135],"that":[136],"addresses":[137],"authentication,":[138],"authorization":[139],"large-scale":[143],"transport":[145],"services":[148],"abstractions":[150],"high-performance":[152],"remote":[153],"mechanisms":[156],"scalable":[158],"replication,":[160],"cataloging":[161],"with":[162],"rich":[163],"semantic":[164],"syntactic":[166],"information,":[167],"monitoring,":[171],"Web-based":[173],"portals":[174],"using":[176],"system.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
