{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160592463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","title":"PureFL: Trust-Weighted Federated Learning With Noise-Resilient Homomorphic Encryption for Blockchain-Based IoV Networks","display_name":"PureFL: Trust-Weighted Federated Learning With Noise-Resilient Homomorphic Encryption for Blockchain-Based IoV Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160592463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115873248","display_name":"Hope Leticia Nakayiza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hope Leticia Nakayiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0570-845X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018695820","display_name":"Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-1693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-1693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135648345","display_name":"Dong-Seong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-5964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Seong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IT Convergence Engineering, and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-5964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering, and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135664060","display_name":"Jae Min Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6885-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6885-5185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53288102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"32255","last_page":"32271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.640999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.640999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.24070000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6952000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-security","display_name":"Semantic security","score":0.28519999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8924999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6952000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204806902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2333581","display_name":"Semantic security","level":5,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166501710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5132476","display_name":"Client-side encryption","level":4,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3691349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2965984971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(2018R1A6A1A03024003)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4738846888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2026-RS-2020-II201612","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992282993","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2177209050","https://openalex.org/W2341935269","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2781091734","https://openalex.org/W2799867512","https://openalex.org/W3016560828","https://openalex.org/W3045552396","https://openalex.org/W3074099308","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3126792416","https://openalex.org/W3129583797","https://openalex.org/W3171189420","https://openalex.org/W3182498536","https://openalex.org/W3197030567","https://openalex.org/W3215200515","https://openalex.org/W4205813603","https://openalex.org/W4206573848","https://openalex.org/W4210815602","https://openalex.org/W4281763929","https://openalex.org/W4281942694","https://openalex.org/W4283167377","https://openalex.org/W4289656845","https://openalex.org/W4306403435","https://openalex.org/W4312365737","https://openalex.org/W4313478983","https://openalex.org/W4328104921","https://openalex.org/W4385300776","https://openalex.org/W4385414849","https://openalex.org/W4387986831","https://openalex.org/W4389817132","https://openalex.org/W4389818067","https://openalex.org/W4391697107","https://openalex.org/W4391840013","https://openalex.org/W4391992219","https://openalex.org/W4396707597","https://openalex.org/W4396951330","https://openalex.org/W4400490248","https://openalex.org/W4403826898","https://openalex.org/W4406266464","https://openalex.org/W4406355807","https://openalex.org/W4408611329","https://openalex.org/W4408861733","https://openalex.org/W4410243371","https://openalex.org/W4410358731","https://openalex.org/W4414350031","https://openalex.org/W7125560493"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1],"(FL)":[2],"in":[3,48,176],"the":[4,19,145,169],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,21,37,87,158,178],"Vehicles":[7],"(IoV)":[8],"networks":[9],"is":[10],"challenged":[11],"by":[12],"privacy":[13,108],"vulnerabilities,":[14],"model":[15,50,140],"poisoning":[16],"attacks,":[17],"and":[18,27,52,89,133,147,167,180],"limitations":[20],"centralized":[22],"aggregation,":[23],"which":[24,124],"threaten":[25],"security":[26],"scalability.":[28],"While":[29],"homomorphic":[30,76],"encryption":[31,77],"(HE)":[32],"provides":[33],"an":[34],"additional":[35],"layer":[36],"privacy,":[38],"existing":[39],"schemes":[40],"often":[41],"suffer":[42],"from":[43],"cumulative":[44],"noise":[45,101],"growth,":[46],"resulting":[47],"degraded":[49],"accuracy":[51,157],"increased":[53],"inference":[54],"latency,":[55,181],"critical":[56],"factors":[57],"for":[58,185],"real-time":[59,186],"vehicular":[60],"safety":[61],"applications.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"presents":[65],"PureFL,":[66],"a":[67,79,85,115],"novel":[68],"FL":[69],"framework":[70,112],"that":[71,151,168],"combines":[72],"adaptive":[73],"Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song":[74],"(CKKS)":[75],"with":[78],"custom":[80],"permissioned":[81],"blockchain":[82],"(PureChain),":[83],"utilizing":[84],"proof":[86],"authority":[88],"association":[90],"(PoA2)":[91],"consensus":[92,174],"mechanism.":[93],"PureFL":[94,152],"incorporates":[95],"dynamic":[96],"precision":[97,165],"scaling":[98],"to":[99,130],"manage":[100],"accumulation,":[102],"ensuring":[103],"computational":[104],"efficiency":[105],"without":[106],"sacrificing":[107],"or":[109],"accuracy.":[110],"The":[111],"also":[113],"implements":[114],"trust-based":[116],"aggregation":[117],"mechanism":[118],"based":[119],"on":[120,144],"cosine-similarity":[121],"trust":[122],"scoring,":[123],"dynamically":[125],"weights":[126],"client":[127],"contributions":[128],"according":[129],"historical":[131],"reliability":[132],"anomaly":[134,155],"detection,":[135],"thereby":[136],"enhancing":[137],"resilience":[138],"against":[139],"poisoning.":[141],"Experimentation":[142],"results":[143],"CICIOV2024":[146],"5G-NIDD":[148],"datasets":[149],"demonstrate":[150],"achieves":[153],"superior":[154],"detection":[156],"99.9%,":[159],"reduces":[160],"CKKS":[161],"HE":[162],"overhead":[163],"via":[164],"scaling,":[166],"proposed":[170],"PoA2consensus":[171],"outperforms":[172],"other":[173],"mechanisms":[175],"terms":[177],"throughput":[179],"making":[182],"it":[183],"suitable":[184],"IoV":[187],"operations.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}