{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155381003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3686970","title":"Position-Flexible STAR-RIS-Assisted Wireless Networks in Coal Mines: Location and Beamforming Design","display_name":"Position-Flexible STAR-RIS-Assisted Wireless Networks in Coal Mines: Location and Beamforming Design","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155381003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3686970"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3686970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3686970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069582155","display_name":"Xianzhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-3117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Electronic Engineering and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication and Detection, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-3117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication and Detection, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119609682","display_name":"Yuanchao Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148119","display_name":"Luliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05495v729","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148119"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lvliang Open University, Lvliang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lvliang Open University, Lvliang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025568654","display_name":"Tianhao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-868X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Electronic Engineering and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication and Detection, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-868X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication and Detection, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061307388","display_name":"Lexi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-7252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lexi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute, China United Network Communications Corporation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-7252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute, China United Network Communications Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066878475","display_name":"Zhaohui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-589X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-589X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoshuai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshuai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-122X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107847221","display_name":"Kai Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-3287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42284881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"30993","last_page":"31005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.28299999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.28299999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.14720000326633453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.1298999935388565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal","display_name":"Coal","score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.313400000333786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7562000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989466925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061197","display_name":"Radio networks","level":4,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985434377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212607","display_name":"Wireless lan","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101541887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1555675","display_name":"Remote radio head","level":4,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3686970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3686970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121886313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC-12141107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2406712330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321884","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Scholarship Council of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5739198427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC-12141107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321884","display_name":"Shanxi Scholarship Council of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,135],"overcome":[1],"the":[2,25,44,58,67,78,83,132,148,159,179,184],"180\u00b0":[3],"coverage":[4],"limitation":[5],"of":[6,27,47],"conventional":[7],"reflective":[8],"Reconfigurable":[9],"Intelligent":[10],"Surfaces":[11],"(RIS)":[12],"in":[13,88,103],"challenging":[14],"Non-Line-of-Sight":[15],"(NLoS)":[16],"environments":[17],"like":[18],"underground":[19,192],"coal":[20],"mines,":[21],"this":[22,137],"paper":[23],"proposes":[24],"deployment":[26],"a":[28,54,120],"Simultaneously":[29],"Transmitting":[30],"and":[31,131,161,171],"Reflecting":[32],"RIS":[33],"(STAR-RIS).":[34],"The":[35],"STAR-RIS":[36,133,149],"achieves":[37],"full":[38],"360\u00b0":[39],"signal":[40],"coverage,":[41],"effectively":[42,81],"addressing":[43],"spatial":[45],"constraints":[46],"complex":[48,114],"tunnel":[49],"topologies.":[50],"Furthermore,":[51],"we":[52],"introduce":[53],"\u201cPosition-Flexible\u201d":[55],"approach,":[56],"where":[57],"entire":[59],"panel\u2019s":[60],"location":[61,150],"is":[62,96,145,151],"dynamically":[63],"adjusted":[64],"to":[65,99],"maximize":[66],"average":[68],"sum-rate":[69],"across":[70],"wideband":[71],"OFDM":[72],"subcarriers.":[73],"By":[74],"exploiting":[75],"frequency":[76],"diversity,":[77],"proposed":[79,180],"system":[80,181],"combats":[82],"severe":[84],"frequency-selective":[85],"fading":[86],"inherent":[87],"multipath-rich":[89],"mine":[90],"tunnels.":[91],"This":[92],"holistic":[93],"movement":[94],"strategy":[95],"specifically":[97],"designed":[98],"enhance":[100],"hardware":[101],"reliability":[102],"harsh,":[104],"dust-prone":[105],"mining":[106],"conditions":[107],"by":[108],"mitigating":[109],"failure":[110],"risks":[111],"associated":[112],"with":[113],"element-wise":[115],"mechanical":[116],"actuation.":[117],"We":[118],"formulate":[119],"joint":[121],"optimization":[122],"problem":[123],"involving":[124],"broadband":[125],"active":[126],"beamforming,":[127],"passive":[128],"phase":[129],"shifts,":[130],"coordinates.":[134],"solve":[136],"non-convex":[138],"problem,":[139],"an":[140],"Alternating":[141],"Optimization":[142],"(AO)":[143],"algorithm":[144],"developed.":[146],"Specifically,":[147],"optimized":[152],"via":[153],"Projected":[154],"Gradient":[155],"Ascent":[156],"(PGA),":[157],"while":[158],"beamforming":[160],"phase-shift":[162],"coefficients":[163],"are":[164],"refined":[165],"using":[166],"Successive":[167],"Convex":[168],"Approximation":[169],"(SCA)":[170],"Semidefinite":[172],"Relaxation":[173],"(SDR).":[174],"Simulation":[175],"results":[176],"confirm":[177],"that":[178],"significantly":[182],"improves":[183],"sum":[185],"rate,":[186],"validating":[187],"its":[188],"effectiveness":[189],"for":[190],"robust":[191],"wireless":[193],"connectivity.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T05:49:46.723101","created_date":"2026-04-24T00:00:00"}