{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154980218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3685332","title":"RIS-Assisted Cascaded AF-DF Relaying for IoV: Performance Analysis and PSO-Based Power Allocation","display_name":"RIS-Assisted Cascaded AF-DF Relaying for IoV: Performance Analysis and PSO-Based Power Allocation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154980218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3685332"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3685332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3685332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101532106","display_name":"Baofeng Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-2303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baofeng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-2303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134074877","display_name":"Wenjuan Chai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjuan Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134020747","display_name":"Kaipeng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaipeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Boyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-9303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-9303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406507","display_name":"Zijian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-6790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-6790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030858163","display_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40537809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"31035","last_page":"31048"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.757099986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.757099986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.07509999722242355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.03460000082850456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-analysis","display_name":"Transient analysis","score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.2858000099658966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7573000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989121073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309019","display_name":"Transient analysis","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072483","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3685332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3685332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6735796928405762}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1939572402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023FF01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336837","funder_display_name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G255031796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5430684331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5645926765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB2907700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7432145467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JB11GX001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336584","funder_display_name":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336584","display_name":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336837","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Ministry of Education","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driven":[0],"by":[1],"the":[2,12,69,89,94,99,113,151,156,159,163,166,171,189,210,213,220,238],"escalating":[3],"demand":[4],"for":[5,188,255],"extensive":[6],"coverage":[7],"and":[8,28,48,55,82,119,162,194,229,244],"ultra-reliable":[9],"communication":[10],"in":[11,26,105,129,247],"Internet":[13],"of":[14,72,115,212],"Vehicles":[15],"(IoV),":[16],"conventional":[17],"single-transmission":[18],"technologies":[19],"frequently":[20],"encounter":[21],"a":[22,40,136,178,199],"severe":[23,100],"\u201dbottleneck":[24],"effect\u201d":[25],"long-distance":[27],"heavily":[29],"obstructed":[30],"environments.":[31],"To":[32],"break":[33],"through":[34],"this":[35,37],"limitation,":[36],"paper":[38],"investigates":[39],"Reconfigurable":[41],"Intelligent":[42,256],"Surface":[43],"(RIS)-assisted":[44],"cascaded":[45,73],"amplify-and-forward":[46],"(AF)":[47],"decode-andforward":[49],"(DF)":[50],"relay":[51],"system":[52,190,245],"over":[53],"independent":[54],"identically":[56],"distributed":[57],"(i.i.d.)":[58],"Nakagami-<italic":[59],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[60],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">m</i>":[61],"fading":[62],"channels.":[63],"The":[64,234],"proposed":[65,167,221],"architecture":[66],"innovatively":[67],"exploits":[68,225],"synergistic":[70],"advantages":[71],"active":[74],"relays":[75],"(providing":[76],"initial":[77],"power":[78,140,153,180],"amplification":[79],"via":[80,86],"AF":[81,160],"terminal":[83],"signal":[84],"regeneration":[85],"DF)":[87],"alongside":[88],"\u201dpassive":[90],"array":[91],"gains\u201d":[92],"from":[93],"RIS,":[95],"thereby":[96],"effectively":[97,224],"overcoming":[98],"\u201ddouble":[101],"path":[102],"loss\u201d":[103],"inherent":[104],"passive":[106,231],"links":[107],"while":[108],"suppressing":[109],"accumulated":[110],"noise.":[111],"Addressing":[112],"challenges":[114],"prohibitive":[116],"pilot":[117],"overhead":[118],"latency":[120],"associated":[121],"with":[122],"acquiring":[123],"instantaneous":[124],"channel":[125,196],"state":[126],"information":[127],"(CSI)":[128],"highly":[130],"dynamic":[131],"IoV":[132],"environments,":[133,250],"we":[134,183],"propose":[135],"statistical":[137],"CSI-based":[138],"adaptive":[139],"allocation":[141,154],"algorithm":[142,168],"utilizing":[143],"particle":[144],"swarm":[145],"optimization":[146,174],"(PSO).":[147],"By":[148],"jointly":[149],"optimizing":[150],"transmit":[152],"among":[155],"source":[157],"node,":[158],"relay,":[161,165],"DF":[164],"efficiently":[169],"tackles":[170],"intricate":[172],"non-convex":[173],"problem":[175],"subject":[176],"to":[177],"total":[179],"constraint.":[181],"Theoretically,":[182],"derive":[184],"exact":[185],"closed-form":[186],"expressions":[187],"outage":[191],"probability":[192],"(OP)":[193],"average":[195],"capacity,":[197],"establishing":[198],"rigorous":[200],"theoretical":[201,214],"evaluation":[202],"framework.":[203],"Extensive":[204],"simulation":[205],"results":[206],"not":[207],"only":[208],"validate":[209],"accuracy":[211],"analysis":[215],"but":[216],"also":[217],"demonstrate":[218],"that":[219,237],"PSO":[222],"strategy":[223],"spatial":[226],"diversity":[227],"gains":[228],"RIS":[230],"beamforming":[232],"gains.":[233],"findings":[235],"reveal":[236],"scheme":[239],"significantly":[240],"enhances":[241],"transmission":[242],"reliability":[243],"robustness":[246],"complex":[248],"propagation":[249],"substantiating":[251],"its":[252],"application":[253],"potential":[254],"Transportation":[257],"Systems":[258],"(ITS).":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T05:49:46.723101","created_date":"2026-04-21T00:00:00"}