{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148323734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680227","title":"Machine Learning for Edge-Centric Indoor Visible Light Positioning: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Directions","display_name":"Machine Learning for Edge-Centric Indoor Visible Light Positioning: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Directions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148323734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680227"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3680227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132738830","display_name":"Yonghao Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-8008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121749863","display_name":"Youyang Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youyang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-4647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132743416","display_name":"Dawei Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-1316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070699308","display_name":"Tie Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electric Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electric Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control and Renewable Energy Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040978564","display_name":"Tom H. Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-7443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom H. Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-7443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129001149","display_name":"Shui Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3301994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"25583","last_page":"25607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.8108999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.8108999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.06939999759197235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.03280000016093254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-spectrum","display_name":"Visible spectrum","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2745000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104663316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76299","display_name":"Visible spectrum","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984692560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523846","display_name":"Integrated optics","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3680227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1011537569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025CXPTWZ003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2845741612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022KJ291","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","funder_display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5209437995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025CXPT082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7318121311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62502251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322522","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,13,80,91,124,138,142,145,154,163,171,203,221,262,265,273],"deepening":[2],"of":[3,6,15,37,82,127,144,157,165,176,225,264,286],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IOT)":[8],"and":[9,45,90,106,147,173,184,196,211,223,235,255,276,300],"industrial":[10],"digital":[11],"transformation,":[12],"core":[14,252],"positioning":[16,33,51,63,253],"services":[17],"is":[18],"shifting":[19],"from":[20,284],"\u201cserving":[21],"people\u201d":[22],"to":[23,31,74,93,109,259],"\u201cconnecting":[24],"everything\u201d,":[25],"which":[26],"poses":[27],"a":[28,68,133,181,246],"comprehensive":[29,182],"challenge":[30],"indoor":[32,166],"technology":[34,52,65,130],"in":[35,57,116,238,267,280],"terms":[36],"high":[38,88,290],"accuracy,":[39],"low":[40,42,46],"latency,":[41],"power":[43],"consumption,":[44],"cost.":[47],"Traditional":[48],"radio":[49],"frequency":[50],"has":[53,66,131],"shown":[54],"many":[55],"limitations":[56],"this":[58,150,217,281],"context,":[59],"while":[60],"visible":[61],"light":[62],"(VLP)":[64],"become":[67],"highly":[69],"promising":[70],"supplementary":[71],"solution":[72],"due":[73],"its":[75],"unique":[76],"advantages,":[77],"such":[78,229],"as":[79,230],"absence":[81],"authorized":[83],"spectrum,":[84],"no":[85],"electromagnetic":[86],"interference,":[87],"security,":[89],"ability":[92],"balance":[94],"lighting.":[95],"However,":[96],"traditional":[97,193],"VLP":[98,178,189,239],"methods":[99,190],"heavily":[100],"rely":[101],"on":[102,170,188,192,205],"accurate":[103],"channel":[104],"models":[105],"are":[107,186],"difficult":[108],"cope":[110],"with":[111],"complex":[112],"non-line-of-sight":[113],"environments,":[114],"resulting":[115],"increasingly":[117],"prominent":[118],"performance":[119,164,257],"bottlenecks.":[120],"In":[121,241],"recent":[122],"years,":[123],"rapid":[125],"development":[126],"machine":[128,159,194],"learning":[129,160,195,227,237],"provided":[132],"new":[134],"paradigm":[135],"for":[136],"solving":[137],"above-mentioned":[139],"problems.":[140],"From":[141],"perspective":[143],"IOT":[146],"edge":[148,256,301],"computing,":[149],"paper":[151],"systematically":[152],"summarizes":[153],"latest":[155],"progress":[156],"how":[158,206],"can":[161],"improve":[162,208],"VLP.We":[167],"first":[168],"elaborate":[169],"architecture":[172],"basic":[174],"principles":[175],"edge-oriented":[177],"systems.":[179,240],"Then,":[180],"review":[183],"comparison":[185],"performed":[187],"based":[191],"deep":[197],"learning.":[198],"Moving":[199],"on,":[200],"we":[201,243,271],"provide":[202],"analysis":[204],"they":[207],"system":[209,249,266],"accuracy":[210,254],"robustness":[212],"through":[213],"data-driven":[214],"approaches.":[215],"Moreover,":[216],"article":[218],"delves":[219],"into":[220],"application":[222],"value":[224],"different":[226],"paradigms,":[228],"centralized":[231],"learning,":[232,234],"online":[233],"federated":[236],"addition,":[242],"have":[244],"developed":[245],"multi-dimensional":[247],"evaluation":[248],"that":[250],"includes":[251],"indicators":[258],"comprehensively":[260],"measure":[261],"feasibility":[263],"practical":[268],"deployment.":[269],"Finally,":[270],"present":[272],"identified":[274],"challenges":[275],"future":[277],"research":[278],"directions":[279],"under-explored":[282],"field":[283],"aspects":[285],"standardized":[287],"scenario":[288],"modeling,":[289],"generalization":[291],"base":[292],"models,":[293],"dynamic":[294],"environment":[295],"robustness,":[296],"heterogeneous":[297],"terminal":[298],"adaptation,":[299],"lightweight":[302],"models.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2026-04-03T00:00:00"}