{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148335903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680103","title":"Robust and Lightweight 3-D Reconstruction of Buried Threats Using Multiview GPR Data","display_name":"Robust and Lightweight 3-D Reconstruction of Buried Threats Using Multiview GPR Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148335903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680103"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3680103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107406769","display_name":"Shiwen Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1015-2055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaopeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-6944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-6944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132801963","display_name":"Weicheng Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weicheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-3645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128058522","display_name":"Zexi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016353080","display_name":"Junbo Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5299-3206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbo Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5299-3206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tian Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-2261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-2261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35903891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"27757","last_page":"27775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.7203999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-reconstruction","display_name":"Signal reconstruction","score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-signal-processing","display_name":"Radar signal processing","score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.3102000057697296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7203999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6561999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70958404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512728","display_name":"Signal reconstruction","level":4,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109950114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4464732","display_name":"3D reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775977338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302880","display_name":"Unexploded ordnance","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20885615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825595","display_name":"Surface reconstruction","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3680103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5890136957168579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3026855305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G745090891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XSQD-6120220083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327514","funder_display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327514","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terrorist":[0],"attacks":[1],"pose":[2],"a":[3,96,139,147,160,201],"severe":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,62,126,150,166,176,185,213],"global":[7],"public":[8],"security,":[9],"among":[10],"which":[11,136],"pre-embedding":[12],"offensive":[13],"weapons":[14],"in":[15,85,220,245],"walls":[16],"is":[17,28,43,164],"an":[18,38],"important":[19],"attack":[20],"type.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"obtaining":[23],"information":[24,51,131,240],"about":[25],"buried":[26,53,104],"objects":[27,244],"crucial":[29],"for":[30,68,103,107],"addressing":[31],"potential":[32],"threats.":[33],"Ground-penetrating":[34],"radar":[35],"(GPR),":[36],"as":[37,225],"established":[39],"non-intrusive":[40],"detection":[41,87],"method,":[42],"capable":[44],"of":[45,52,72,122,142,172,239],"effectively":[46],"acquiring":[47],"the":[48,64,78,118,123,128,143,152,168,173,232],"three-dimensional":[49],"(3D)":[50],"objects.":[54],"However,":[55],"traditional":[56],"GPR":[57],"imaging":[58],"methods":[59],"often":[60],"fail":[61],"complete":[63],"3D":[65,100,119,133,169,188],"reconstruction":[66,101,162],"task":[67],"targets":[69],"under":[70,205],"conditions":[71],"low":[73],"signal-to-noise":[74],"ratio":[75],"(SNR).":[76],"Moreover,":[77],"large":[79],"computational":[80],"load":[81],"limits":[82],"its":[83],"application":[84],"real-time":[86],"scenarios.":[88],"To":[89],"address":[90],"these":[91],"challenges,":[92],"this":[93],"paper":[94],"proposes":[95],"robust":[97,210],"and":[98,111,196,223,236],"lightweight":[99],"method":[102,115],"targets,":[105],"specifically":[106],"pistols,":[108],"eavesdropping":[109],"devices,":[110],"explosives,":[112],"etc.":[113],"The":[114],"first":[116],"utilizes":[117],"Fourier":[120],"transform":[121],"wave":[124],"equation":[125],"analyze":[127],"target":[129],"wavefield":[130],"from":[132,156],"C-scan":[134],"data,":[135],"can":[137],"obtain":[138],"preliminary":[140],"visualization":[141],"target,":[144],"then":[145],"employs":[146],"projection":[148],"mechanism":[149],"process":[151],"sparse":[153],"energy-focused":[154],"volume":[155],"multiple":[157],"views.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"multi-view":[161],"algorithm":[163],"used":[165],"reconstruct":[167],"voxel":[170],"model":[171],"target.":[174],"Compared":[175],"existing":[177],"methods,":[178],"our":[179],"approach":[180,233],"reduces":[181],"parameters":[182],"by":[183,191],"98.9%":[184],"48.59M":[186],"versus":[187,193],"U-Net,":[189],"FLOPs":[190],"79.7%":[192],"Kirchhoff":[194],"migration,":[195],"achieves":[197],"0.575-second":[198],"inference":[199],"with":[200,217],"0.829":[202],"Dice":[203,224],"coefficient":[204],"optimal":[206],"conditions.":[207],"It":[208],"maintains":[209],"performance":[211],"down":[212],"-5":[214],"dB":[215],"SNR,":[216],"monotonic":[218],"improvements":[219],"MSE,":[221],"MAE,":[222],"SNR":[226],"increases.":[227],"Experimental":[228],"results":[229],"indicate":[230],"that":[231],"facilitates":[234],"rapid":[235],"accurate":[237],"retrieval":[238],"on":[241],"concealed":[242],"dangerous":[243],"resource-limited":[246],"settings.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2026-04-03T00:00:00"}