{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148273377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","title":"Trust Aware and Explainable Access Control for Internet of Medical Things: A Lightweight Hybrid Blockchain Approach","display_name":"Trust Aware and Explainable Access Control for Internet of Medical Things: A Lightweight Hybrid Blockchain Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148273377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132784534","display_name":"May Alashwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"May Alashwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jeddah International College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0317-0136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jeddah International College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132795720","display_name":"Urooj Waheed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34476706","display_name":"DHA Suffa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fyxr563","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urooj Waheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-1642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132736047","display_name":"Mohammed Algarni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Algarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-1611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132800091","display_name":"Huma Jamshed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34476706","display_name":"DHA Suffa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fyxr563","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huma Jamshed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2767-2717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075796351","display_name":"Mohammed Zwawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-0726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Zwawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071789631","display_name":"Yusra Mansoor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34476706","display_name":"DHA Suffa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fyxr563","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusra Mansoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1851-066X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006736529","display_name":"Ahmad Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-6536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34476706","display_name":"DHA Suffa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fyxr563","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-6536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34476706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52984227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"27843","last_page":"27861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.3257000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.3257000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.24469999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.06599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7861999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorization","display_name":"Authorization","score":0.3100999891757965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8162999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7861999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5817999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137641188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148053","display_name":"Reserved IP addresses","level":5,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3680091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4220860321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IPP: 805-829-2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6832808767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"805-829-2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142,247],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,204,228,237,288],"Medical":[3],"Things":[4],"(IoMT)":[5],"permits":[6],"continuous":[7],"patient":[8],"monitoring,":[9],"remote":[10],"diagnosis,":[11],"and":[12,34,59,76,99,108,131,150,153,167,176,184,193,207,266,275,285],"intelligent":[13],"clinical":[14,36],"decision":[15,161,226],"support":[16],"using":[17,148,162,199],"networked":[18],"medical":[19,80,245],"devices.":[20],"However,":[21],"IoMT":[22,115,140,174,216,291],"environments":[23],"are":[24,187,196],"very":[25],"challenging,":[26],"given":[27],"their":[28],"stringent":[29],"latency":[30,175,236],"requirements,":[31,178],"device":[32],"diversity":[33],"dynamic":[35],"workflows":[37],"which":[38,240],"hinder":[39],"traditional":[40],"static":[41],"access":[42,49,146,160,191,225,277],"control":[43,50,278],"(AC)":[44,89],"approaches":[45],"performing":[46],"effectively.":[47],"Traditional":[48],"systems":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53,93],"Role":[54],"Based":[55,62],"Access":[56,63,87],"Control":[57,64,88],"(RBAC)":[58],"fixed":[60],"Attribute":[61],"(ABAC)":[65],"fail":[66],"to":[67,69,234,258],"adapt":[68],"real-time":[70,139,244],"contextual":[71,149],"changes,":[72],"evolving":[73],"user":[74],"behavior,":[75],"trust":[77,106,125,273],"dynamics":[78],"in":[79,213],"IoT":[81],"systems.":[82,292],"In":[83],"addition,":[84],"AI":[85,249],"driven":[86],"solutions":[90],"often":[91],"operate":[92],"black":[94],"box":[95],"models,":[96],"limiting":[97],"transparency":[98,166],"regulatory":[100],"compliance.":[101],"This":[102],"paper":[103],"proposes":[104],"a":[105,118,132,200,214],"aware":[107,274],"explainable":[109,127,276],"AC":[110],"framework":[111,143,222],"specifically":[112],"designed":[113],"for":[114,124,138,158,243],"systems,":[116],"integrating":[117],"tree":[119],"based":[120],"ensemble":[121],"learning":[122,182],"model":[123],"evaluation,":[126],"artificial":[128],"intelligence":[129],"(XAI),":[130],"lightweight":[133],"hybrid":[134,201],"blockchain":[135,202,252],"architecture":[136],"suitable":[137,242],"deployments.":[141],"dynamically":[144],"evaluates":[145],"requests":[147],"behavioral":[151],"attributes":[152],"generates":[154],"human":[155],"interpretable":[156],"explanations":[157],"each":[159],"SHAP-based":[163],"XAI,":[164],"enabling":[165],"compliance":[168],"with":[169,230],"healthcare":[170],"regulations.":[171],"To":[172],"meet":[173],"scalability":[177],"computationally":[179],"intensive":[180],"machine":[181],"(ML)":[183],"explainability":[185],"tasks":[186],"executed":[188],"off-chain,":[189],"while":[190,262],"decisions":[192],"audit":[194],"logs":[195],"immutably":[197],"recorded":[198],"composed":[203],"Hyperledger":[205,208],"Fabric":[206],"Besu.":[209],"A":[210],"prototype":[211],"implementation":[212],"realistic":[215],"environment":[217],"demonstrates":[218],"that":[219,272],"the":[220,282],"proposed":[221],"achieves":[223],"an":[224,231],"accuracy":[227],"93.4%,":[229],"average":[232],"end":[233,235],"1.8":[238],"seconds,":[239],"is":[241],"workflows.":[246],"off-chain":[248],"integration":[250],"reduces":[251],"execution":[253],"costs":[254],"by":[255],"81%":[256],"compared":[257],"fully":[259],"on-chain":[260],"solutions,":[261],"preserving":[263],"security,":[264,283],"auditability,":[265],"system":[267],"reliability.":[268],"These":[269],"results":[270],"indicate":[271],"can":[279],"significantly":[280],"enhance":[281],"transparency,":[284],"operational":[286],"robustness":[287],"next":[289],"generation":[290]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2026-04-03T00:00:00"}