{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143305749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3679076","title":"Quantum-Enhanced Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Hierarchical AI Orchestration for Secure 6G Networks","display_name":"Quantum-Enhanced Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Hierarchical AI Orchestration for Secure 6G Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143305749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3679076"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3679076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3679076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418027","display_name":"Ali Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-0852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-0852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003005019","display_name":"Demos Serghiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-8439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demos Serghiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-8439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anton Tishchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-8202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Tishchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-8202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130945735","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059640494","display_name":"Mohsen Khalily","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Khalily","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40934564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"27356","last_page":"27368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9412999749183655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9412999749183655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.6621999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-network","display_name":"Intelligent Network","score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-control-system","display_name":"Hierarchical control system","score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.29840001463890076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.6621999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124527596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17029359","display_name":"Hierarchical control system","level":3,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200789330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7000834","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3679076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3679076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.48924657702445984,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3148493448","display_name":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO for Future Wireless Networks","funder_award_id":"EP/X013162/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,195],"forthcoming":[1],"6G":[2],"wireless":[3,207],"systems":[4],"must":[5],"simultaneously":[6],"achieve":[7],"extreme":[8],"capacity,":[9],"ultra-low":[10],"latency,":[11],"and":[12,32,71,75,87,108,138,161,185,201],"quantum-grade":[13],"security.":[14],"While":[15],"classical":[16,51],"physical-layer":[17],"security":[18],"techniques":[19],"provide":[20],"probabilistic":[21],"protection,":[22],"free-space":[23,151],"quantum":[24,48,109],"key":[25,163,186],"distribution":[26],"(QKD)":[27],"suffers":[28],"degradation":[29],"under":[30,171],"mobile":[31],"turbulent":[33],"conditions.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"introduces":[37],"a":[38,77,81,88,199],"Quantum-Enhanced":[39],"Reconfigurable":[40],"Intelligent":[41],"Surface":[42],"(QE-RIS)":[43],"framework":[44,197],"that":[45],"synergistically":[46],"integrates":[47],"photonics":[49],"with":[50,117,131,191],"electromagnetic":[52],"control":[53,79,153,181],"via":[54],"hierarchical":[55],"AI":[56],"orchestration.":[57],"Our":[58],"design":[59],"embeds":[60],"quantum-capable":[61],"devices":[62],"into":[63],"RIS":[64,130],"unit":[65],"cells":[66],"operating":[67],"at":[68,84,91],"12.5GHz":[69],"(RF)":[70],"850nm":[72],"(optical)":[73],"wavelengths":[74],"employs":[76],"dual-loop":[78],"mechanism,":[80],"fast":[82],"loop":[83,90],"5":[85],"ms":[86,157],"mid":[89],"50":[92],"ms,":[93],"to":[94,126,147,150],"dynamically":[95],"select":[96],"classical,":[97],"quantum,":[98],"or":[99],"hybrid":[100],"modes":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103,158],"real-time":[104],"signal-to-noise":[105],"ratio":[106],"(SNR)":[107],"bit":[110],"error":[111],"rate":[112],"(QBER).":[113],"Monte":[114],"Carlo":[115],"simulations":[116],"20":[118],"independent":[119],"channel":[120],"realisations":[121],"demonstrate":[122],"SNR":[123],"gains":[124],"up":[125],"29.3":[127],"dB":[128],"for":[129,204],"<italic":[132],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133,169],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N</i>":[134],"=":[135],"512":[136],"elements":[137,183],"4-bit":[139],"phase":[140],"quantisation,":[141],"QBER":[142],"reductions":[143],"ranging":[144],"from":[145],"20%":[146],"35%":[148],"compared":[149],"QKD,":[152],"latencies":[154],"below":[155],"10":[156],"edge-class":[159],"hardware,":[160],"secure":[162],"rates":[164],"exceeding":[165],"1":[166],"Mbit":[167],"s<sup":[168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22121</sup>":[170],"moderate":[172],"turbulence.":[173],"In":[174],"this":[175],"paper,":[176],"we":[177],"detail":[178],"implementation":[179],"assumptions,":[180],"information":[182],"(IEs),":[184],"performance":[187],"indicators":[188],"(KPIs)":[189],"aligned":[190],"emerging":[192],"standardisation":[193],"efforts.":[194],"proposed":[196],"offers":[198],"rigorous":[200],"reproducible":[202],"foundation":[203],"advancing":[205],"quantum-enhanced":[206],"communications.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}
