{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140325305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677538","title":"A Vulnerability-Type Correlation-Aware Smart Contract Multivulnerability Detection Model","display_name":"A Vulnerability-Type Correlation-Aware Smart Contract Multivulnerability Detection Model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140325305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677538"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3677538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070841471","display_name":"Xinyi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-4913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130562116","display_name":"Honggui Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggui Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-4075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130583321","display_name":"Bei Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-3531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30882611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"26027","last_page":"26043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.08349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.08349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.07779999822378159,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.07169999927282333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-mail","display_name":"Electronic mail","score":0.2816999852657318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3677538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3945944862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3305802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"technology":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,20,75,167],"the":[7,28,43,78,141,168,178,202,232],"field":[8],"of":[9,11,22,45,71,209,226],"Internet":[10,21],"Things,":[12],"providing":[13],"effective":[14],"support":[15],"for":[16,152],"solving":[17],"security":[18],"challenges":[19],"Things":[23],"systems.":[24],"However,":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,39,89,136,147],"immature":[29],"development":[30],"language":[31],"and":[32,126,155,184,191,218],"deployment":[33,52],"platform,":[34],"smart":[35,46,97,104,181],"contracts":[36],"are":[37],"prone":[38],"various":[40],"vulnerabilities.":[41],"Considering":[42],"immutability":[44],"contracts,":[47],"efficient":[48],"vulnerability":[49,83,109,153,161,185],"detection":[50,58,100,154,189,229],"before":[51],"is":[53,85,115,165],"particularly":[54],"critical.":[55],"The":[56,113,131,171],"existing":[57],"methods":[59],"have":[60],"two":[61],"main":[62],"limitations:":[63],"they":[64],"can":[65,204],"only":[66],"identify":[67],"a":[68,96,118,123,127,160],"limited":[69],"number":[70],"specific":[72,128,142,149],"vulnerabilities,":[73],"resulting":[74],"low":[76],"coverage;":[77],"implicit":[79],"correlation":[80,111],"information":[81],"between":[82,180],"types":[84,208],"ignored.":[86],"In":[87,158],"order":[88],"solve":[90],"these":[91],"problems,":[92],"this":[93],"paper":[94],"proposes":[95],"contract":[98,105,182],"multi-vulnerability":[99],"model":[101,114,193,203],"CorrelaScan":[102],"(correlation-aware":[103],"analyzer)":[106],"that":[107,201],"integrates":[108],"type":[110,156,162],"awareness.":[112],"based":[116],"on":[117,197],"multi-task":[119],"learning":[120],"architecture,":[121],"including":[122],"shared":[124,132,138],"layer":[125,133,144],"task":[129,143,150],"layer.":[130,170],"uses":[134,145],"BERT":[135],"extract":[137],"features,":[139],"while":[140],"BiGRU":[146],"learn":[148],"features":[151],"classification.":[157],"addition,":[159],"embedding":[163],"module":[164,172],"integrated":[166],"task-specific":[169],"mines":[173],"potential":[174],"associations":[175],"by":[176],"calculating":[177],"similarity":[179],"opcodes":[183],"types,":[186],"thereby":[187],"enhancing":[188],"guidance":[190],"improving":[192],"performance.":[194],"Experimental":[195],"verification":[196],"public":[198],"datasets":[199],"shows":[200],"simultaneously":[205],"detect":[206],"10":[207],"vulnerabilities":[210],"such":[211],"as":[212],"integer":[213],"overflow":[214],"or":[215],"underflow,":[216],"reentrancy":[217],"timestamp":[219],"dependence,":[220],"with":[221],"an":[222],"average":[223],"F1":[224],"value":[225],"85.22%.":[227],"Its":[228],"performance":[230],"exceeds":[231],"current":[233],"state-of-the-art":[234],"methods.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2026-03-26T00:00:00"}