{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140312287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677469","title":"Dynamic Virtual Heat Fields for Void-Avoidance Opportunistic Routing in UASNs","display_name":"Dynamic Virtual Heat Fields for Void-Avoidance Opportunistic Routing in UASNs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140312287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677469"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3677469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009419041","display_name":"Shen\u2019ao Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9735-4512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen'Ao Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9735-4512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428791","display_name":"Yougan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-1226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yougan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-1226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yihao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5402-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5402-9696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129242966","display_name":"Xuchen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7417-5011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074928707","display_name":"Yanhan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-1303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5111-3123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130552975","display_name":"Yi Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-4586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaomei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-2497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-2497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53327948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"26852","last_page":"26864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.23000000417232513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.23000000417232513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.2117999941110611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.14149999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-routing","display_name":"Adaptive routing","score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-algorithm","display_name":"Routing algorithm","score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-routing","display_name":"Network routing","score":0.26429998874664307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5278000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983435990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Network routing","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3677469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3677469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5654709935188293}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4387298893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4483234291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLA202505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"Acoustic":[1],"Sensor":[2],"Networks":[3],"(UASNs)":[4],"have":[5],"attracted":[6],"considerable":[7],"attention":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,35,68,80,143,150,173],"their":[11],"broad":[12],"application":[13],"prospects.":[14],"However,":[15],"the":[16,62,73,119,127,130,135,159,176,180],"challenges":[17],"of":[18,64,182,188],"limited":[19],"battery":[20],"replacement":[21],"and":[22,38,98,113,137,148,165,196,210,214],"unstable":[23],"communication":[24],"in":[25,71,212],"underwater":[26],"environments":[27],"make":[28],"it":[29,92],"difficult":[30],"for":[31],"traditional":[32],"routing":[33,157],"protocols":[34],"balance":[36],"stability":[37],"energy":[39,146,184],"consumption":[40],"under":[41],"dynamic":[42,112,213],"topologies.":[43],"To":[44],"address":[45],"these":[46],"challenges,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"a":[50,76,102,111,139],"Dynamic":[51],"Virtual":[52],"Heat":[53],"Field-based":[54],"Void-Avoidance":[55],"Opportunistic":[56],"Routing":[57],"(DVHVOR)":[58],"protocol.":[59],"Inspired":[60],"by":[61,185,193],"diffusion":[63],"heat":[65,78,116,132,161],"from":[66],"sources":[67],"cooler":[69],"regions":[70],"nature,":[72],"protocol":[74],"constructs":[75],"virtual":[77,115,160],"field":[79,117,162],"guide":[81],"efficient":[82],"data":[83,122],"forwarding":[84,141],"without":[85],"relying":[86],"on":[87],"precise":[88],"three-dimensional":[89],"localization.":[90],"Specifically,":[91],"integrates":[93],"hop":[94],"count,":[95],"residual":[96,183],"energy,":[97],"depth":[99],"information":[100],"into":[101],"heat-value":[103],"metric.":[104],"The":[105],"Sink":[106],"periodically":[107],"broadcasts":[108],"packets,":[109],"forming":[110],"adaptive":[114],"across":[118,200],"network.":[120],"During":[121],"transmission,":[123],"each":[124],"node":[125],"selects":[126],"neighbor":[128],"with":[129,154],"highest":[131],"value":[133],"as":[134],"relay":[136],"employs":[138],"concurrent":[140],"mechanism":[142],"improve":[144],"both":[145],"efficiency":[147],"adaptability":[149],"topology":[151],"changes.":[152],"Compared":[153],"conventional":[155],"greedy":[156],"strategies,":[158],"provides":[163],"stable":[164],"tunable":[166],"multi-path":[167],"guidance.Simulation":[168],"results":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"that,":[171],"relative":[172],"existing":[174],"protocols,":[175],"proposed":[177],"approach":[178],"reduces":[179],"variance":[181],"an":[186],"average":[187],"35.9%,":[189],"decreases":[190],"transmission":[191],"delay":[192],"approximately":[194],"10.9%,":[195],"achieves":[197],"superior":[198],"performance":[199],"multiple":[201],"metrics":[202],"including":[203],"network":[204,215],"lifetime,":[205],"thereby":[206],"validating":[207],"its":[208],"feasibility":[209],"advantages":[211],"sparse":[216],"scenarios.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-03-26T00:00:00"}