{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139928132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676274","title":"Enabling the 6G and IoT-Verse: Nonradiative Dielectric (NRD) Waveguides for Millimeter-Wave Communications","display_name":"Enabling the 6G and IoT-Verse: Nonradiative Dielectric (NRD) Waveguides for Millimeter-Wave Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139928132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676274"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3676274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003887038","display_name":"Tahir Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-1184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-1184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130224178","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-9692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051526701","display_name":"Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6671-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41725924","display_name":"Muroran Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04rymkk69","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41725924"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6671-3121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41725924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085649107","display_name":"Akito Iguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5210-7243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41725924","display_name":"Muroran Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04rymkk69","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41725924"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akito Iguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5210-7243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41725924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112484028","display_name":"Yasuhide Tsuji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41725924","display_name":"Muroran Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04rymkk69","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41725924"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhide Tsuji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-6522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41725924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041932265","display_name":"Tatsuya Kashiwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0733-211X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98957242","display_name":"Kitami Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05wks2t16","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98957242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Kashiwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0733-211X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98957242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36679797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"25413","last_page":"25451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.29580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.29580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.05900000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.05609999969601631,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-loss","display_name":"Dielectric loss","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-optics","display_name":"Integrated optics","score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.3188999891281128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5860999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91066073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417868","display_name":"Dielectric loss","level":3,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984692560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523846","display_name":"Integrated optics","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45613198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134091","display_name":"Optical filter","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510052550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422819","display_name":"Gallium arsenide","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989121073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309019","display_name":"Transient analysis","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3676274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3676274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47710365056991577,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8133883721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RK118QN23003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","funder_display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8592641592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPSCoR-2119485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"sixth-generation":[1],"(6G)":[2],"and":[3,16,28,38,88,96,121,143,154,179,190],"the":[4,13,69,108,122,162],"internet":[5],"of":[6,46,110,164],"things":[7],"(IoT)-verse":[8],"push":[9],"operating":[10],"frequencies":[11],"into":[12],"millimeter-wave":[14],"(mm-wave)":[15],"terahertz":[17],"(THz)":[18],"regimes,":[19],"conventional":[20,94],"planar":[21,97],"transmission":[22,58,98],"lines":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,55],"microstrip,":[26],"dielectric,":[27],"substrate":[29],"integrated":[30],"waveguides":[31],"(SIW)":[32],"suffer":[33],"from":[34,132,168],"prohibitive":[35],"conductor":[36],"losses":[37,118],"parasitic":[39,111],"radiation.":[40],"This":[41],"review":[42],"provides":[43,74],"an":[44,56],"analysis":[45,140],"low-loss":[47],"non-radiative":[48],"dielectric":[49,95,150],"(NRD)":[50],"waveguide":[51,81,166],"technology,":[52],"positioning":[53],"it":[54],"efficient":[57],"alternative":[59],"that":[60],"maintains":[61],"radiation-free":[62],"propagation":[63],"even":[64],"at":[65,114,119],"sharp":[66],"bends.":[67],"For":[68],"first":[70],"time,":[71],"this":[72,159],"work":[73,160],"a":[75,138,169,173],"quantitative":[76],"performance":[77],"benchmark,":[78],"illustrating":[79],"NRD":[80,165],"ability":[82],"to":[83,93,172],"achieve":[84],"significantly":[85],"lower":[86],"attenuation":[87],"higher":[89],"power-handling":[90],"capabilities":[91],"compared":[92],"line":[99],"technologies.":[100],"We":[101],"critically":[102],"examine":[103],"unresolved":[104],"technical":[105],"bottlenecks,":[106],"specifically":[107],"suppression":[109],"LSE":[112],"modes":[113],"discontinuities,":[115],"mode":[116],"conversion":[117],"transitions,":[120],"fabrication":[123,152],"tolerances":[124],"required":[125],"for":[126,141,176],"THz":[127],"operation.":[128],"By":[129],"analyzing":[130],"insights":[131],"over":[133],"350":[134],"studies,":[135],"we":[136],"provide":[137,161],"design":[139,188],"active":[142],"passive":[144],"components,":[145],"simulation":[146],"methodologies,":[147],"optimization":[148,189],"approaches,":[149],"materials,":[151],"techniques,":[153],"evaluating":[155],"recent":[156,174],"innovations.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"evolution":[163],"technology":[167],"basic":[170],"components":[171],"advancement":[175],"emerging":[177],"6G":[178],"IoT":[180],"system,":[181],"identifying":[182],"high-priority":[183],"research":[184],"gaps":[185],"in":[186],"automated":[187],"multi-layer":[191],"integration.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-21T00:00:00"}
