{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138893669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3675894","title":"Latency-Aware Federated Learning Over Multiple Servers With Overlapping Service Areas","display_name":"Latency-Aware Federated Learning Over Multiple Servers With Overlapping Service Areas","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138893669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3675894"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3675894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3675894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085516014","display_name":"Yun Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-8745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-8745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662059","display_name":"Zeyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-9903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoxiong Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-6247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiong Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-6247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of New Networks, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129892754","display_name":"Yanan Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong JC STEM Lab of Smart City and the Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2945-5921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong JC STEM Lab of Smart City and the Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129788099","display_name":"Sheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-2602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016290340","display_name":"Yuguang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-3871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuguang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong JC STEM Lab of Smart City and the Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-3871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong JC STEM Lab of Smart City and the Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27887681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"25705","last_page":"25719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7562000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7562000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.04569999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.02879999950528145,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7580999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6121000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3578000068664551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7580999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6121000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158156997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416645","display_name":"Models of communication","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3675894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3675894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-server":[0],"Federated":[1],"Learning":[2],"(FL)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,90,137,146],"promising":[8],"approach":[9],"to":[10,37,51,123,163,202],"alleviate":[11],"the":[12,22,95,103,152,157,181],"communication":[13,82],"bottle-necks":[14],"of":[15,25,105,127,160,198],"traditional":[16],"single-server":[17],"FL.":[18],"In":[19],"practical":[20],"deployments,":[21],"coverage":[23],"areas":[24],"different":[26],"edge":[27,53],"servers":[28],"(ESs)":[29],"may":[30],"overlap,":[31],"allowing":[32],"clients":[33,49],"in":[34],"overlapping":[35,48],"regions":[36],"access":[38],"models":[39,54,62],"from":[40],"multiple":[41],"ESs.":[42,166],"Leveraging":[43],"this":[44,113,142],"observation,":[45],"we":[46,116,144],"enable":[47],"(OCs)":[50],"relay":[52],"between":[55],"neighboring":[56,165],"ESs":[57,71,133,162],"and":[58,155],"dynamically":[59],"select":[60],"suitable":[61],"for":[63,94,183],"local":[64,148],"training,":[65,175],"facilitating":[66],"multi-hop":[67],"model":[68,130],"propagation":[69,107],"across":[70],"without":[72],"relying":[73],"on":[74,108],"frequent":[75,184],"cloud":[76,185],"aggregation.":[77],"This":[78],"design":[79],"significantly":[80,179],"reduces":[81,180],"latency":[83],"while":[84,187],"improving":[85,188],"training":[86,189],"efficiency.":[87,190],"We":[88],"derive":[89],"convergence":[91,109],"upper":[92],"bound":[93],"above":[96],"OCs-based":[97],"FL":[98],"framework,":[99],"which":[100],"explicitly":[101],"quantifies":[102],"impact":[104],"inter-server":[106],"error.":[110],"Guided":[111],"by":[112,134],"theoretical":[114],"result,":[115],"formulate":[117],"an":[118],"optimization":[119],"problem":[120],"that":[121],"aims":[122],"maximize":[124],"dissemination":[125],"range":[126],"each":[128],"ES":[129],"among":[131],"all":[132],"OCs":[135],"within":[136],"limited":[138],"latency.":[139],"To":[140],"solve":[141],"problem,":[143],"develop":[145],"conflict-graph-based":[147],"search":[149],"algorithm":[150,178],"optimizing":[151],"routing":[153],"strategy":[154],"scheduling":[156],"transmission":[158],"times":[159],"individual":[161],"its":[164],"By":[167],"integrating":[168],"decentralized":[169],"inter-ES":[170],"aggregation":[171,186],"with":[172],"latency-aware":[173],"client":[174],"our":[176,199],"proposed":[177],"need":[182],"Extensive":[191],"experimental":[192],"results":[193],"show":[194],"remarkable":[195],"performance":[196],"gains":[197],"scheme":[200],"compared":[201],"existing":[203],"state-of-the-art":[204],"methods.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}