{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131293817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","title":"ZebraCPA: Decentralized, Postquantum Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication for VANETs via Traceable ZK Ring Signatures","display_name":"ZebraCPA: Decentralized, Postquantum Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication for VANETs via Traceable ZK Ring Signatures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131293817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010680816","display_name":"Longbo Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-8468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longbo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-8468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057749373","display_name":"Xiaodong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-926X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoting Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4204-3076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126701012","display_name":"Lin You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-8961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055827071","display_name":"Gengran Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3061-2388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengran Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3061-2388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077542050","display_name":"Feifei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6081-8002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090401359","display_name":"J Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3582-4648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063534836","display_name":"Yuyang Kuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101739740","display_name":"Min Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8144-0616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090158","display_name":"Hangzhou Quality and Technical Supervision and Testing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00ahhj040","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Dong’an Testing Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Dong’an Testing Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22624439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"21130","last_page":"21144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.3010999858379364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.3010999858379364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.2838999927043915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.0820000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revocation","display_name":"Revocation","score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.37279999256134033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8942000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6284999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775892892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509517","display_name":"Revocation","level":3,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779014939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510239","display_name":"Learning with errors","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28420585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665075","display_name":"Timing attack","level":4,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168941894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3483645","display_name":"Ring signature","level":4,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3667814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2418307398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZ17F020002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4604599849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5239017840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024E10048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"ad-hoc":[1],"networks":[2],"(VANETs)":[3],"require":[4],"authentication":[5,50],"mechanisms":[6],"that":[7,53,160],"simultaneously":[8],"deliver":[9],"privacy,":[10],"accountability,":[11],"and":[12,35,39,64,74,204,219],"timely":[13],"cross-domain":[14],"synchronization.":[15],"The":[16,138,155],"existing":[17,212],"schemes":[18],"struggle":[19],"to":[20,31,88,109],"balance":[21],"unlinkable":[22],"anonymity":[23,200],"with":[24,60,172,201],"effective":[25],"tracing.":[26],"They":[27],"are":[28],"also":[29],"vulnerable":[30],"future":[32],"quantum":[33],"adversaries":[34],"rely":[36],"on":[37],"slow":[38],"costly":[40],"revocation":[41],"workflows.":[42],"We":[43],"present":[44],"ZebraCPA,":[45],"a":[46,65,76],"decentralized":[47],"conditional":[48,202],"privacy-preserving":[49],"(CPPA)":[51],"framework":[52],"combines":[54],"lattice-based":[55],"traceable":[56],"ring":[57],"signatures":[58],"(TRS)":[59],"zero-knowledge":[61],"(ZK)":[62],"proofs":[63],"consortium":[66],"blockchain.":[67],"Our":[68],"TRS":[69],"design":[70],"removes":[71],"linkability":[72],"tags":[73],"embeds":[75],"tracing":[77,90],"trapdoor":[78],"only":[79],"recoverable":[80],"by":[81,115,167],"the":[82,96,102,107,111,116,119,173,180,191,211],"authorized":[83],"auditors.":[84],"It":[85],"naturally":[86],"extends":[87],"threshold":[89],"for":[91,208],"multi-auditor":[92],"settings.":[93],"To":[94],"avoid":[95],"plain-text":[97],"key":[98,113,121],"escrow,":[99],"ZebraCPA":[100,161,183,195],"leverages":[101],"additively":[103],"homomorphic":[104],"property":[105],"of":[106,133,153,182,216],"commitments":[108],"support":[110],"ciphertext-only":[112],"updates":[114],"vehicles,":[117],"preventing":[118],"catastrophic":[120],"leakage":[122],"at":[123],"authorities.":[124],"A":[125],"hierarchical":[126],"blockchain":[127],"layer":[128],"provides":[129],"fast,":[130],"consistent":[131],"synchronization":[132],"active-key":[134],"status":[135],"across":[136],"regions.":[137],"experiments":[139],"show":[140],"1.7\u00d7\u20137.0\u00d7":[141],"speedups":[142],"over":[143],"state-of-the-art":[144],"baselines":[145,174],"in":[146,214],"signing/verification":[147],"while":[148],"retaining":[149],"an":[150,163],"anonymity-set":[151],"size":[152],"N=10.":[154],"network-level":[156],"simulations":[157],"further":[158],"indicate":[159],"reduces":[162],"average":[164],"packet":[165],"delay":[166],"30.7%":[168],"-":[169],"61.6%":[170],"compared":[171],"under":[175,190],"moderate":[176],"traffic":[177],"densities.":[178],"Moreover,":[179],"security":[181],"is":[184],"validated":[185],"through":[186],"our":[187],"informal":[188],"analysis":[189],"Dolev-Yao":[192],"model.":[193],"Overall,":[194],"achieves":[196],"post-quantum":[197],"security,":[198],"strong":[199],"traceability,":[203],"practical":[205],"deployment":[206],"efficiency":[207],"VANETs,":[209],"outperforming":[210],"solutions":[213],"terms":[215],"both":[217],"latency":[218],"robustness.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}