{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127344775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3660570","title":"Heart Rate Monitoring Using Continuous-Wave Radar in Home Environment","display_name":"Heart Rate Monitoring Using Continuous-Wave Radar in Home Environment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127344775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3660570"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3660570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3660570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113471421","display_name":"Inbar Chityat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inbar Chityat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4025-1507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053105768","display_name":"Mingye Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingye Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-8337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-8337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052740151","display_name":"Daniel Copeland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Copeland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2799-4146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123856253","display_name":"Buntoku Mori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164926","display_name":"Sekisui Chemical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hessd06","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164926"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buntoku Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sekisui House Ltd., Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sekisui House Ltd., Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124944329","display_name":"Mina Okitsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164926","display_name":"Sekisui Chemical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hessd06","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164926"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mina Okitsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sekisui House Ltd., Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sekisui House Ltd., Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091400134","display_name":"Brian Anthony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-5276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian W. Anthony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-5276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12959687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"16749","last_page":"16762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6366000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-monitoring","display_name":"Continuous monitoring","score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-patient-monitoring","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","score":0.37610000371932983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7023000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6366000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6305000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776902269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165493","display_name":"Continuous monitoring","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205312793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002801","display_name":"Ambient noise level","level":3,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99568719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129003","display_name":"Continuous wave","level":3,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067560","display_name":"Vital signs","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3660570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3660570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5340791344642639,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5277111648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR002544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar-based,":[0],"contactless":[1],"in-home":[2],"vital":[3],"sign":[4],"monitoring":[5,155],"can":[6],"significantly":[7],"improve":[8],"the":[9,12,73,87,112,168],"healthcare":[10],"of":[11,21,27,50,57,92,170,194],"rapidly":[13],"growing":[14],"aging":[15],"population":[16],"by":[17,118,146],"enabling":[18],"early":[19],"detection":[20],"clinical":[22],"events":[23],"and":[24,34,64,77,101,126,143,163,173,184],"continuous":[25],"tracking":[26],"physiological":[28],"states,":[29],"while":[30],"maintaining":[31],"privacy,":[32],"comfort,":[33],"user":[35],"compliance.":[36],"We":[37,75,131],"introduce":[38],"a":[39,46,135,188],"unique":[40],"experimental":[41,182],"environment,":[42],"collected":[43],"for":[44,201],"over":[45,119,127],"year":[47],"\u2013":[48],"consisting":[49],"populated":[51],"test":[52],"homes,":[53],"equipped":[54],"with":[55,66,98],"arrays":[56],"continuous-wave":[58],"radar":[59,88,195],"sensors":[60],"placed":[61],"on":[62],"ceilings":[63],"walls,":[65],"occupants":[67],"engaged":[68],"in":[69,177,197],"everyday":[70],"activities":[71],"within":[72],"homes.":[74],"applied":[76],"compared":[78],"multiple":[79],"analytical":[80,185],"methods":[81],"to":[82,111],"extract":[83],"heart":[84,153],"rate":[85,154],"from":[86,121,129],"data,":[89],"using":[90],"combinations":[91],"normalized":[93],"cross-correlation":[94],"(NXC),":[95],"machine":[96,123],"learning":[97,124],"individual":[99],"sensors,":[100],"sensor":[102,108,137,171],"fusion.":[103],"Our":[104,180],"results":[105,166,186],"show":[106],"that":[107,134],"fusion":[109,172],"leads":[110],"lowest":[113],"mean":[114],"absolute":[115],"errors,":[116],"reduced":[117],"30%":[120],"single-sensor":[122],"models":[125],"80%":[128],"NXC.":[130],"additionally":[132],"observed":[133],"dense":[136,174],"array":[138,175],"design":[139],"enhances":[140],"signal":[141],"quality":[142],"reduces":[144],"noise":[145],"more":[147,151],"than":[148],"15%,":[149],"providing":[150],"accurate":[152],"even":[156],"during":[157],"dynamic":[158],"activities,":[159],"such":[160],"as":[161],"jumping":[162],"walking.":[164],"These":[165],"highlight":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"designs":[176],"real-world":[178],"settings.":[179],"novel":[181],"platform":[183],"represent":[187],"meaningful":[189],"step":[190],"toward":[191],"scalable":[192],"application":[193],"technology":[196],"real":[198],"residential":[199],"settings":[200],"non-contact":[202],"health":[203],"monitoring.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}
