{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123347608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3653698","title":"The Internet of Humanoids: A Survey of Technologies, Applications, and Challenges","display_name":"The Internet of Humanoids: A Survey of Technologies, Applications, and Challenges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123347608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3653698"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3653698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3653698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122894241","display_name":"Angela W. Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angela W. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122881043","display_name":"Amiya Nayak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amiya Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122894241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13453643,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"10498","last_page":"10521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.25839999318122864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.25839999318122864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.17339999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.08900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8256000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7067999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6502000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46799999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8256000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7336000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7067999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6502000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3653698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3653698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6497243642807007}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085302753","https://openalex.org/W2134008851","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2138671676","https://openalex.org/W2144256528","https://openalex.org/W2161222115","https://openalex.org/W2211511241","https://openalex.org/W2221569889","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2580560845","https://openalex.org/W3038822267","https://openalex.org/W3125366729","https://openalex.org/W3144727271","https://openalex.org/W3171911436","https://openalex.org/W4206676533","https://openalex.org/W4280499864","https://openalex.org/W4280571816","https://openalex.org/W4283807437","https://openalex.org/W4313327086","https://openalex.org/W4366525451","https://openalex.org/W4376631045","https://openalex.org/W4386085816","https://openalex.org/W4387341194","https://openalex.org/W4387448507","https://openalex.org/W4387873581","https://openalex.org/W4389238310","https://openalex.org/W4389665705","https://openalex.org/W4389665947","https://openalex.org/W4390480962","https://openalex.org/W4391062550","https://openalex.org/W4391163944","https://openalex.org/W4391305509","https://openalex.org/W4391725338","https://openalex.org/W4391943988","https://openalex.org/W4394872716","https://openalex.org/W4395452794","https://openalex.org/W4396592343","https://openalex.org/W4400411572","https://openalex.org/W4401416086","https://openalex.org/W4402354017","https://openalex.org/W4402354112","https://openalex.org/W4402354138","https://openalex.org/W4402370051","https://openalex.org/W4402402006","https://openalex.org/W4402849693","https://openalex.org/W4402969599","https://openalex.org/W4403741606","https://openalex.org/W4405718149","https://openalex.org/W4405721823","https://openalex.org/W4405786041","https://openalex.org/W4405786927","https://openalex.org/W4405910844","https://openalex.org/W4406388058","https://openalex.org/W4406522463","https://openalex.org/W4407639730","https://openalex.org/W4407813879","https://openalex.org/W4407820123","https://openalex.org/W4408712623","https://openalex.org/W4408794481","https://openalex.org/W4409502280","https://openalex.org/W4410295099","https://openalex.org/W4410321187","https://openalex.org/W4410362164","https://openalex.org/W4410492523","https://openalex.org/W4410731759","https://openalex.org/W4410900739","https://openalex.org/W4411888624","https://openalex.org/W4413926271","https://openalex.org/W4414050508","https://openalex.org/W4414198498","https://openalex.org/W4416851495"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humanoid":[0],"robots":[1,26],"are":[2],"increasingly":[3],"capable":[4],"of":[5,14,19,34],"operating":[6],"autonomously":[7],"in":[8,63,113],"human-centric":[9],"environments,":[10],"motivating":[11],"the":[12,15,96],"emergence":[13],"<italic":[16],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[17],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Internet":[18],"Humanoids":[20],"(IoH)</i>\u2014a":[21],"paradigm":[22],"that":[23,38],"interconnects":[24],"humanoid":[25,131],"into":[27],"collaborative,":[28],"intelligent":[29],"networks.":[30],"Unlike":[31],"traditional":[32],"Internet":[33],"Things":[35],"(IoT)":[36],"systems":[37],"link":[39],"passive":[40],"or":[41],"task-specific":[42],"devices,":[43],"IoH":[44,73,97],"treats":[45],"humanoids":[46],"as":[47,86],"embodied,":[48],"autonomous,":[49],"and":[50,59,69,79,90,109,118,129],"safety-critical":[51],"agents":[52],"with":[53],"tightly":[54],"coupled":[55],"perception,":[56],"decision-making,":[57],"communication,":[58],"actuation.":[60],"Leveraging":[61],"advances":[62],"large":[64],"multimodal":[65],"models,":[66],"cloud\u2013edge":[67],"computing,":[68],"next-generation":[70],"wireless":[71],"connectivity,":[72],"enables":[74],"real-time":[75],"coordination,":[76],"collective":[77],"learning,":[78],"scalable":[80],"fleet":[81],"deployment":[82],"across":[83],"domains":[84],"such":[85],"healthcare,":[87],"manufacturing,":[88],"logistics,":[89],"disaster":[91],"response.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"synthesizes":[95],"landscape,":[98],"proposes":[99],"a":[100],"layered":[101],"architectural":[102],"reference":[103],"model":[104],"to":[105],"unify":[106],"heterogeneous":[107],"subsystems,":[108],"critically":[110],"analyzes":[111],"challenges":[112],"security,":[114],"privacy,":[115],"scalability,":[116],"interoperability,":[117],"ethics.":[119],"We":[120],"further":[121],"outline":[122],"open":[123],"research":[124],"directions":[125],"toward":[126],"secure,":[127],"trustworthy,":[128],"interoperable":[130],"networks":[132],"at":[133],"scale.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}