{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123349806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","title":"A Unified AI-PureChain Framework for Verifiable Intrusion Prevention in Industrial IoT Systems","display_name":"A Unified AI-PureChain Framework for Verifiable Intrusion Prevention in Industrial IoT Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123349806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084587130","display_name":"Hamza Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6388-9249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IT Convergence Engineering and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6388-9249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018695820","display_name":"Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-1693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-1693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jae-Min Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6885-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IT Convergence Engineering and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6885-5185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013003534","display_name":"D. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Seong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of IT Convergence Engineering and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-5964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of IT Convergence Engineering and NSLab Company Ltd., Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.7928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98499984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"12906","last_page":"12919"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.6119999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.6119999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.20069999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.07680000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7009000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-tolerance","display_name":"Intrusion tolerance","score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.32010000944137573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8284000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7009000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6126000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196903269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6059063","display_name":"Intrusion tolerance","level":3,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780264999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445032","display_name":"Security domain","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145767","display_name":"Trust management (information system)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31139447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380386","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777480716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23582796","display_name":"Resource consumption","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3652250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240264773368835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2965984971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(2018R1A6A1A03024003)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5793391487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2020-II201612","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2929049293","https://openalex.org/W3085955590","https://openalex.org/W3191884578","https://openalex.org/W4220839396","https://openalex.org/W4282982231","https://openalex.org/W4283724342","https://openalex.org/W4285157251","https://openalex.org/W4285538552","https://openalex.org/W4286247850","https://openalex.org/W4313316258","https://openalex.org/W4323346399","https://openalex.org/W4367055702","https://openalex.org/W4385781288","https://openalex.org/W4386883679","https://openalex.org/W4387340741","https://openalex.org/W4387974064","https://openalex.org/W4389076366","https://openalex.org/W4389487930","https://openalex.org/W4391031330","https://openalex.org/W4391953359","https://openalex.org/W4393145530","https://openalex.org/W4394996146","https://openalex.org/W4396855959","https://openalex.org/W4396894659","https://openalex.org/W4399422086","https://openalex.org/W4399561488","https://openalex.org/W4400737507","https://openalex.org/W4400976831","https://openalex.org/W4401973347","https://openalex.org/W4402265047","https://openalex.org/W4403212579","https://openalex.org/W4403398597","https://openalex.org/W4403400523","https://openalex.org/W4404051417","https://openalex.org/W4404057000","https://openalex.org/W4404469627","https://openalex.org/W4405993426","https://openalex.org/W4406732770","https://openalex.org/W4406983026","https://openalex.org/W4408552634","https://openalex.org/W4408861733","https://openalex.org/W4409117394","https://openalex.org/W4409621915","https://openalex.org/W4410358731","https://openalex.org/W4410798479","https://openalex.org/W4411157790","https://openalex.org/W4411385710","https://openalex.org/W4411802912","https://openalex.org/W4413682236","https://openalex.org/W4414717121","https://openalex.org/W4415034286"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Securing":[0],"Industrial":[1],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,20,43,72],"Things":[4],"(IIoT)":[5],"systems":[6],"presents":[7],"critical":[8,179],"challenges":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11],"resource":[12,143],"constraints,":[13],"expanding":[14],"attack":[15,132],"surfaces,":[16],"and":[17,31,74,98,120,174],"the":[18],"inadequacy":[19],"conventional":[21],"security":[22,160,184],"solutions":[23],"against":[24],"sophisticated":[25],"cyber":[26],"threats.":[27],"While":[28],"AI-driven":[29],"detection":[30,64,84,170],"blockchain":[32],"technologies":[33],"offer":[34],"promise,":[35],"existing":[36],"frameworks":[37],"suffer":[38],"from":[39],"computational":[40],"inefficiency,":[41],"lack":[42],"real-time":[44],"prevention,":[45],"or":[46],"insufficient":[47],"auditability.":[48],"This":[49,152],"paper":[50],"introduces":[51],"a":[52,155,163],"unified":[53],"AI-PureChain":[54],"Intrusion":[55],"Prevention":[56],"Framework":[57],"that":[58,167],"tightly":[59,164],"integrates":[60],"deep":[61],"learning-based":[62],"threat":[63],"with":[65,116],"an":[66],"immutable":[67],"PureChain":[68,110],"ledger":[69],"using":[70],"Proof":[71],"Authority":[73],"Association":[75],"(PoA2)":[76],"consensus.":[77],"The":[78,109],"proposed":[79],"architecture":[80],"achieves":[81],"high-fidelity":[82],"intrusion":[83],"through":[85],"hybrid":[86],"CNN-BiLSTM":[87],"models,":[88],"attaining":[89],"99.76%":[90],"accuracy":[91],"on":[92,96,100],"IoTForge":[93],"Pro,":[94],"98.33%":[95],"WUSTL-IIoT-2021,":[97],"98.11%":[99],"X-IIoTID":[101],"datasets,":[102],"while":[103,140],"maintaining":[104,141],"low":[105],"inference":[106],"latency":[107],"(0.0016s).":[108],"layer":[111],"ensures":[112],"tamper-proof":[113],"audit":[114],"trails":[115],"24.56":[117],"TPS":[118],"throughput":[119],"68ms":[121],"commit":[122],"time,":[123],"enabling":[124],"verifiable":[125],"prevention":[126,172],"actions.":[127],"Experimental":[128],"results":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"complete":[131],"mitigation":[133],"(0%":[134],"success":[135],"rate)":[136],"under":[137],"high-traffic":[138],"conditions":[139],"minimal":[142],"consumption":[144],"(14.49%":[145],"CPU,":[146],"448":[147],"MB":[148],"memory,":[149],"12.95W":[150],"power).":[151],"work":[153],"represents":[154],"significant":[156],"advancement":[157],"in":[158,181],"IIoT":[159],"by":[161],"delivering":[162],"coupled":[165],"framework":[166],"simultaneously":[168],"addresses":[169],"accuracy,":[171],"reliability,":[173],"forensic":[175],"accountability,":[176],"thereby":[177],"bridging":[178],"gaps":[180],"current":[182],"industrial":[183],"paradigms.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
