{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119130108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3651386","title":"Efficient Light Energy Harvesting and RF Distribution for Dense IoT Networks","display_name":"Efficient Light Energy Harvesting and RF Distribution for Dense IoT Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119130108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3651386"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3651386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3651386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038959254","display_name":"Khodr Hammoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-645X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khodr Hammoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092657949","display_name":"Jimmy F\u00e9rnandez Landivar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4904-5256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Fernandez Landivar","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054871443","display_name":"Juha H\u00e4kkinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-4414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha H\u00e4kkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Electronics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electronics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029475782","display_name":"Vladimir Volskiy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-0401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Volskiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013673918","display_name":"Dominique Schreurs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-7936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominique Schreurs","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094246348","display_name":"Sofie Pollin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofie Pollin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT-WaveCoRE Division, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033933236","display_name":"Hubregt J. Visser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-9579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196972281","display_name":"Imec the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/01ezq2j76","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196972281"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubregt J. Visser","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec&#x2013;Netherlands, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec&#x2013;Netherlands, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196972281"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038959254"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05771237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"15005","last_page":"15019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42480000853538513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35380695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4827434","display_name":"Available energy","level":3,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3651386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3651386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4040552079677582}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508116432","https://openalex.org/W2114674709","https://openalex.org/W2141632287","https://openalex.org/W2767343477","https://openalex.org/W2905747653","https://openalex.org/W2950919625","https://openalex.org/W2968220781","https://openalex.org/W2968726754","https://openalex.org/W2979785955","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W2986596915","https://openalex.org/W2986782173","https://openalex.org/W3008924942","https://openalex.org/W3015369661","https://openalex.org/W3016251777","https://openalex.org/W3036425307","https://openalex.org/W3036667321","https://openalex.org/W3036769460","https://openalex.org/W3037306179","https://openalex.org/W3042393997","https://openalex.org/W3043467336","https://openalex.org/W3045599769","https://openalex.org/W3048462186","https://openalex.org/W3081345078","https://openalex.org/W3092022297","https://openalex.org/W3095089623","https://openalex.org/W3098153877","https://openalex.org/W3108282949","https://openalex.org/W3127688263","https://openalex.org/W3134151912","https://openalex.org/W3136831740","https://openalex.org/W3139536780","https://openalex.org/W3140001966","https://openalex.org/W3140433839","https://openalex.org/W3163300762","https://openalex.org/W3196036230","https://openalex.org/W3202430957","https://openalex.org/W3208125372","https://openalex.org/W3214057217","https://openalex.org/W4205176050","https://openalex.org/W4206173955","https://openalex.org/W4211235359","https://openalex.org/W4220835020","https://openalex.org/W4281946845","https://openalex.org/W4283073549","https://openalex.org/W4285108069","https://openalex.org/W4288064607","https://openalex.org/W4294691015","https://openalex.org/W4299867890","https://openalex.org/W4308088242","https://openalex.org/W4318828854","https://openalex.org/W4366147954","https://openalex.org/W4378842169","https://openalex.org/W4382050864","https://openalex.org/W4386320407","https://openalex.org/W4386890770","https://openalex.org/W4387869755","https://openalex.org/W4389250031","https://openalex.org/W4390769907","https://openalex.org/W4390944877","https://openalex.org/W4391495842","https://openalex.org/W4392251664","https://openalex.org/W4399168313","https://openalex.org/W4399767846","https://openalex.org/W4400646282","https://openalex.org/W4400727642","https://openalex.org/W4400770664","https://openalex.org/W4401110223","https://openalex.org/W4404035399","https://openalex.org/W4404915439","https://openalex.org/W4405907774","https://openalex.org/W4405975419"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,6,33,99,102,107,120,128,160,165],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,8,106,122],"devices":[4,37],"on":[5,42],"Internet":[7],"Things":[9],"(IoT)":[10],"continues,":[11],"efficient":[12],"and":[13,38,59,96,104,147,170],"sustainable":[14],"power":[15,44,53,62,161],"solutions":[16],"are":[17],"becoming":[18],"increasingly":[19],"essential,":[20],"particularly":[21],"for":[22,52],"battery-less":[23,171],"systems":[24],"operating":[25],"in":[26,35,110],"dense":[27],"networks.":[28],"This":[29,156],"work":[30,126],"comprehensively":[31],"defines":[32],"concepts":[34],"IoT":[36,117,172],"categorises":[39],"them":[40],"based":[41],"their":[43],"consumption":[45],"levels.":[46],"It":[47],"introduces":[48],"a":[49,152],"practical":[50],"framework":[51,132],"redistribution":[54],"using":[55],"light":[56,141],"energy":[57,66,84,137,142],"harvesting":[58],"RF-based":[60],"wireless":[61],"transfer.":[63],"A":[64],"novel":[65],"donation":[67],"mechanism":[68],"is":[69],"proposed":[70,108],"that":[71,133],"enables":[72],"energy-abundant":[73],"nodes":[74,87],"equipped":[75],"with":[76,85],"photovoltaic":[77],"(PV)":[78],"panels":[79],"to":[80],"share":[81],"excess":[82],"harvested":[83],"nearby":[86],"via":[88],"RF":[89,145],"transmission.":[90],"Through":[91],"analytical":[92],"modelling,":[93],"link-budget":[94],"analysis,":[95],"experimental":[97],"validation,":[98],"study":[100],"demonstrates":[101],"feasibility":[103],"effectiveness":[105],"architecture":[109],"maintaining":[111],"reliable":[112],"operation":[113],"across":[114],"densely":[115],"deployed":[116],"nodes.":[118],"To":[119],"best":[121],"our":[123],"knowledge,":[124],"this":[125],"presents":[127],"first":[129],"experimentally":[130],"validated":[131],"autonomously":[134],"integrates":[135],"light-to-RF":[136],"donation,":[138],"combining":[139],"indoor":[140],"harvesting,":[143],"short-range":[144],"redistribution,":[146],"node":[148],"placement":[149],"optimisation":[150],"within":[151],"single":[153],"deployable":[154],"system.":[155],"approach":[157],"directly":[158],"addresses":[159],"sustainability":[162],"challenge,":[163],"paving":[164],"way":[166],"toward":[167],"fully":[168],"autonomous":[169],"ecosystems.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
