{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117103106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3647944","title":"PidTree: A Pseudonym-Only Approach for Anonymous AKA in Vehicular Networks","display_name":"PidTree: A Pseudonym-Only Approach for Anonymous AKA in Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117103106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3647944"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3647944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3647944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419412","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5698-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121199919","display_name":"Jinyu Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078856087","display_name":"Yuling chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuling Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121203189","display_name":"Xia Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382385","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-3737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100419412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60543127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"11316","last_page":"11329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.6434000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.6434000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.13950000703334808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.04600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudonym","display_name":"Pseudonym","score":0.4668999910354614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8101999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5551000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776021475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61002","display_name":"Pseudonym","level":2,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121158502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4652161","display_name":"AKA","level":2,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148408913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611269","display_name":"Group signature","level":4,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3647944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3647944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5504574775695801}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600255172","https://openalex.org/W1667889362","https://openalex.org/W1965058431","https://openalex.org/W1967373117","https://openalex.org/W1969035815","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2139910984","https://openalex.org/W2167569963","https://openalex.org/W3017170021","https://openalex.org/W3092396141","https://openalex.org/W3184141949","https://openalex.org/W4205705709","https://openalex.org/W4210827399","https://openalex.org/W4226321645","https://openalex.org/W4255055456","https://openalex.org/W4285153801","https://openalex.org/W4285294175","https://openalex.org/W4319068610","https://openalex.org/W4366378550","https://openalex.org/W4379803627","https://openalex.org/W4381785687","https://openalex.org/W4388856923","https://openalex.org/W4393034872","https://openalex.org/W4398151212","https://openalex.org/W4399339226","https://openalex.org/W4402978431","https://openalex.org/W4406794256","https://openalex.org/W4407506718","https://openalex.org/W4407638771","https://openalex.org/W4407782688","https://openalex.org/W4411086276","https://openalex.org/W4415593724"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"vehicular":[1,98,113,173],"networks,":[2],"pseudonyms":[3,71],"are":[4,90],"a":[5,33,36,67,106,198],"fundamental":[6],"mechanism":[7],"for":[8,93,109,181,197],"achieving":[9],"anonymous":[10,110],"communication.":[11],"However,":[12],"existing":[13],"Authentication":[14],"and":[15,52,72,84,155,169,193,221],"Key":[16],"Agreement":[17],"(AKA)":[18],"schemes":[19,89,215],"typically":[20],"require":[21],"each":[22],"pseudonym":[23,142],"to":[24,28,39,45,61,77,126,131,189],"be":[25],"cryptographically":[26],"bound":[27],"private":[29,75,136],"information,":[30],"such":[31,88,151],"as":[32,152],"certificate":[34,50],"or":[35],"secret":[37,57],"key,":[38],"ensure":[40],"authenticity.":[41],"This":[42],"approach":[43,108,125],"leads":[44],"significant":[46],"challenges,":[47],"including":[48],"complex":[49],"management":[51],"the":[53,94,129,166,178,182,194,213],"inherent":[54],"risks":[55],"of":[56,70,87,97,118,172,218],"key":[58],"escrow.":[59],"Furthermore,":[60],"maintain":[62],"unlinkability,":[63],"vehicles":[64],"must":[65],"store":[66],"large":[68],"pool":[69],"their":[73],"associated":[74],"information\u2013leading":[76],"prohibitive":[78],"storage":[79,179,195],"costs.":[80],"The":[81,115,158,204],"high":[82],"computation":[83,149,219],"communication":[85],"costs":[86],"also":[91,207],"ill-suited":[92],"delay-sensitive":[95],"nature":[96],"environments.":[99],"To":[100],"address":[101],"these":[102],"limitations,":[103],"we":[104],"propose":[105],"pseudonym-only":[107],"AKA":[111],"in":[112,216],"networks.":[114,174],"primary":[116],"contribution":[117],"our":[119,163,210],"scheme":[120,146,164,176,211],"is":[121],"its":[122],"novel":[123],"\"pseudonym-only\"":[124],"authentication,":[127],"without":[128],"need":[130],"combine":[132],"it":[133],"with":[134],"other":[135],"information.":[137],"PidTree":[138],"provides":[139],"an":[140],"efficient":[141],"generation":[143],"method.":[144],"Our":[145,175],"involves":[147],"lightweight":[148],"operations":[150],"hash":[153],"functions":[154],"Lagrange":[156],"interpolation.":[157],"security":[159,168],"analysis":[160,206],"shows":[161,208],"that":[162,209],"satisfies":[165],"essential":[167],"privacy":[170],"requirements":[171],"reduces":[177],"cost":[180,196,220],"trusted":[183],"party":[184],"from":[185],"<italic":[186,190],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[187,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">O(MN)</i>":[188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">O(M)</i>":[192],"vehicle":[199],"by":[200],"at":[201],"least":[202],"86.50%.":[203],"performance":[205],"outperforms":[212],"representative":[214],"terms":[217],"simulation":[222],"results.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}
