{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417131674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3641386","title":"Diffusion-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Service Scheduling in Serverless Vehicular Edge Computing","display_name":"Diffusion-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Service Scheduling in Serverless Vehicular Edge Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417131674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3641386"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3641386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3641386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008505898","display_name":"Xumin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-5398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150840","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3gjw65","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xumin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-5398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ruiyang Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9794-3798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150840","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3gjw65","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiyang Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9794-3798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085598485","display_name":"Weifeng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-2018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150840","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3gjw65","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-2018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062761975","display_name":"Jiawen Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150840","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3gjw65","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043262479","display_name":"Shengli Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150840","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3gjw65","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengli Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Manufacturing Internet of Things, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008505898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539","https://openalex.org/I4210150840"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42350212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"8424","last_page":"8435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.7900999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.7900999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.08110000193119049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6984000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4187000095844269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.850600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6984000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5846999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5400999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3641386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2025.3641386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3012870322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4887420666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025A1515010178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315329","funder_display_name":"Scientific Education and Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5282384880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515011795","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315329","funder_display_name":"Scientific Education and Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5447559560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62573136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7917518099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZDZX1046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315329","display_name":"Scientific Education and Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/029zvkg32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,90],"serverless":[1],"vehicular":[2,9,29,114,128],"edge":[3,19,25,87,110,124],"computing":[4,20,88,135],"(SVEC),":[5],"a":[6,65,93,108,167,177],"variety":[7],"of":[8,95,122,149,158],"services":[10],"are":[11],"encapsulated":[12],"into":[13],"the":[14,37,42,46,58,71,80,81,91,101,119,123,131,139,145,155,159,163,186,190,198],"containers":[15],"deployed":[16],"on":[17],"accessible":[18],"nodes":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"roadside":[24],"servers":[26],"and":[27,49,74,85,112,126,134,141,201],"nearby":[28],"terminals,":[30],"aiming":[31],"to":[32,36,57,79,107,143,154,174],"bring":[33],"remarkable":[34],"benefits":[35],"service":[38,67,102,147],"management,":[39,44],"e.g.,":[40],"simplifying":[41],"infrastructure":[43],"improving":[45],"resource":[47,59],"utilization,":[48],"dynamically":[50],"scaling":[51],"up":[52],"or":[53,104],"down":[54],"in":[55,130,196],"response":[56],"demand.":[60],"However,":[61],"there":[62],"still":[63],"exists":[64],"challenging":[66],"scheduling":[68],"problem":[69],"between":[70],"requester":[72,151],"vehicles":[73,97,152],"available":[75],"SVEC":[76],"processors,":[77],"due":[78],"dynamic":[82],"vehicle":[83],"mobility":[84,156],"heterogeneous":[86],"environment.":[89],"problem,":[92,164],"set":[94],"request":[96],"can":[98],"locally":[99],"process":[100],"requests,":[103],"offload":[105],"them":[106],"nearest":[109],"server":[111,125],"peripheral":[113],"terminals.":[115],"We":[116],"particularly":[117],"consider":[118],"essential":[120],"difference":[121],"hardware-constrained":[127],"terminals":[129],"storage":[132],"capacity":[133],"capabilities":[136],"for":[137],"running":[138],"containers,":[140],"aim":[142],"minimize":[144],"total":[146],"cost":[148],"all":[150],"subject":[153],"constraints":[157],"vehicles.":[160],"To":[161],"address":[162],"we":[165],"propose":[166],"diffusion-based":[168],"deep":[169],"reinforcement":[170],"learning":[171,199],"(DRL)":[172],"approach":[173,192],"quickly":[175],"learn":[176],"high-accuracy":[178],"solution.":[179],"Numerical":[180],"results":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"that":[183],"compared":[184],"with":[185],"baseline":[187],"DRL":[188],"approaches,":[189],"proposed":[191],"has":[193],"great":[194],"advantages":[195],"both":[197],"accuracy":[200],"convergence":[202],"rate.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-21T06:11:54.161237","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}
